1. Population Pyramids

2. https://www. facebook. com/TEDEducation/videos/2550467798299744/

3. How to read a Population Pyramid
Elder Dependents
Working Population
Take your twizzlers and create the mens side of pyramid on your blank sheet of paper. You should have 21 groups.
Make sure to label the age groups (0-4), (5-9) – etc.
Create the women’s side with twizzlers
Then go over the three areas of the pyramid – youth depends, working population, elder dependents
When you’re done going over the basic components, discuss how population pyramids are meant to change … use the link below to give students a visual of how pyramids change over time
Youth dependents

4. Lets make some predictions…
Make sure your twizzler pyramid looks like this.
What predictions can you make about the youth dependency ratio?
What predictions can you make about the elder dependency?
What predictions can you make about the working population?
CBR? CDR? TFR?
As kids are making these predictions, have them write in their BOK … they should be trying to determine what part of SPEND each answer falls under.

5. Demographic Characteristics
Birth rate HIGH or LOW?
HIGH!
How can you tell this?
It has a wide base! That means tons of babies!
Life expectancy LOW or HIGH?
LOW
Small # of people at the top – means they’re not making it to old ages
What can you tell about population growth?
Rapid! (Hence the name of the pyramid)
Remind them that Demographic means people!
Have them write the answers to the questions in their BOK

6. Social Characteristics
Young population!
How is this helpful?
More adaptable to change and new progress
Less need for immigrant labor in the country
Why?
Have enough people in the working force
Less education overall
Men or women going to be affected by this?
Women!
Women aren’t getting an education
Think about how education and TFR are related
Talk about what social means! (Yes freshmen won’t always know what this means)
Make sure students are connecting that the wide base = higher birth rates … higher birth rates = less education for women

7. Political Characteristics
How do you think government can get involved?
Government likely to implement an anti-natalist policy
Anti-natalist = ways to limit population growth
Example: One Child Policy (now Two Child)

8. Economic Characteristics
What characteristics can you predict about the workforce?
Expanding or large workforce 
What? How can you tell?
Remember, the population pyramid is always moving (you must predict what it looks like in 5 years)
What can you tell about the youth dependency ratio? High? Low?
HIGH
Why is this a problem?  
Babies cost money!
Gov. has to spend $ on schools, daycares
Have students move their twizzlers up 10 years so they can see what happens to the working force. They need to be able to see that it is expanding as population pyramids are moving!

9. Economic Characteristics
What characteristics can you predict about the elder dependency ratio? High or low?
Low!
That’s good! Now you don’t have to spend $$$ on transfer payments
Transfer payments = anything you receive but didn’t do a productive service to earn
Examples: medicare, food stamps. social security
What predictions can you make women in the workforce?
Less women
Why?
Not educated – having a family instead

10. Economic Characteristics
What predictions can you make about types of jobs?
Lower level jobs because of a less educated workforce
Agriculture, mining, fishing, etc.

11. Environmental Characteristics
How does the environment have anything to do with population?
Resources!
Too many people = not enough natural resources
Agriculture!
Most people are subsistence farmers
Could lead to overuse of the land
You may need to discuss how you can tell that resources are being strained just by looking at the pyramid.

12. What would you name this pyramid?

13. Demographic Characteristics
What does demographic mean again?
List some demographic vocab terms!
CBR, CDR, TFR, replacement rate, life expectancy, IMR

14. Demographic Characteristics
Birth rates high or low?
Lower than a rapid growth pyramid!
Death rates?
Declining
Life expectancy?
Increased
Overall population?
Growing! But slowly!
Make sure every student understands how to read demographic characteristics … it may be helpful to have them move their pyramid up 5-10 years so they see population is rising, just not as much
Start making connections about life expectancy and access to healthcare!

15. Social Characteristics
What does this pyramid tell you about women?
More women in the workforce!
Means higher level of education for women

16. Political Characteristics
What does this pyramid tell you about the elder dependents?
Growing
Government will have to make decisions on transfer payments

17. Economic Characteristics
What does the pyramid tell you about women in the workforce?
More!
More educated - more education means higher paying jobs which means more money in to economy!
Overall workforce = more educated
High or low youth dependency ratio
Lower!
Less need to build schools
High or low elder dependency ratio?
Higher!
Gov. must think about transfer payments

18. Environmental Characteristics
Country industrializing which means more factories
Factories = more pollution
Urban sprawl
Good time to discuss how countries can move from a rapid growth pyramid to a slow growth pyramid...hence the concept of urban sprawl becoming a factor

19. What would you name this pyramid?
Negative growth

20. Demographic Characteristics
Birth rates high or low?
Low - population is declining!
Life expectancy?
High!
Overall population?
Negative
Infant mortality rate?
Declined
More elders than youth dependents

21. Social Characteristics
Labor shortage means a need for more labor!
Immigrant labor needed to offset this
Immigrants can cause social backlash
Prediction about women?
More in the workforce
Higher over level of education
-Can use Japan as an example. Japan is xenophobic and struggle to bring in outsiders to help their labor shortage in the secondary sector

22. Political Characteristics
More immigration laws
(Remember: need more immigrant workers) p
More money spend on transfer payments
Increase in pro-natalist policies
Pro-natalist = increasing birth rates

23. Economic Characteristics
Higher education!
What does this have to do with the economy?
Higher education = higher level jobs
Higher level jobs = more money into the economy
Low youth dependency ratio
Less need to spend on schools/daycares
High elder dependency ratio
More money on transfer payments
Possible future labor shortages
Fewer consumers
Causes economy to contract

24. Environmental Characteristics
More industrialized country = more pollution
Land taken for manufacturing & services
Urban sprawl