1. FECA Engineers Conference
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Kirby Underwood, LC June 7, 2016

2. Topics
Legislation
LEDs and drive current
Comparing HID & LED Sources
Comparing LED fixtures
LED specification hints

3. Legislation – metal halide
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4. Metal halide 2017 ruling - scope
Covers 50 Watt – 1000 Watt
All product must be pulse start
150 watt exemption for outdoor product will be eliminated
Effective date – Feb 10, 2017

5. New requirements Wattage Current Efficiency 2017 Requirement 50 Watt
75.0%
77.3%
70 Watt
76.0%
79.4%
100 Watt
79.0%
81.5%
150 Watt
81.0%
88.0%
175 Watt
200 Watt
250 Watt
88.8%
320 Watt
91.5%
350 Watt
400 Watt
90.3%
450 Watt
90.6%
750 Watt
91.6%
92.3%
1000 Watt
93.4%
93.6%

6. Low wattage (50W – 150W)
No magnetic ballast currently will meet requirement
Shift to electronic HID ballast or LED
Very little if any investments being made in electronic HID ballast designs

7. Medium wattage (175W – 400W)
175 Watt and 200 Watt requirements did not change – current design still compliant.
New designs are possible at a higher cost and with design changes.

8. High wattage (750W – 1000W)
New designs are possible at a higher cost and with design changes.
Products include sports lighting, floodlighting, and area lighting.

9. ANSI C136.15 Black block letters on white background
Arithmetically rounded wattages to nearest multiple of 10
Example: 54W fixture rounds down to W fixture rounds up to 60.

10. LEDs and Drive Current Tip:
Headlines should be set with an initial cap (sentence case) and the rest in lower case. Only product names or acronyms in the headline should begin with a capital letter.

11. LED types Discrete: Superior performance More optics required
Less luminous density on surface
Higher cost
Chip On Board (COB):
Excellent performance
Lower cost
Save space
Versatile form factors

12. Drive current Drive Current Vf Watts Lumen Output Efficacy LPW 350mAHP
MPG
Drive Current Vf
Watts
Lumen Output
Efficacy
LPW
350mA
2.71V
.95
147
155
700mA
2.80V
1.96
269
137
1050mA
2.86V
3.00
360
136
The harder you drive an LED the less efficient it is, but remember the Prius
is not necessarily going to “last” longer than the Porsche.
134 HP 50 MPG / 0-60 MPH 11 sec.
408 HP 17 MPG / 0-60MPH 3.7 sec.

13. Drive current and fixture specification
Each LED package has different maximum current and junction temperature specifications.
The drive current that pushes one past its thermal limits may be well within another’s operating limits.
Managing the thermal load is key to operating an LED within its performance limits.
An LED that is properly heatsinked can withstand higher drive currents.
The key is to draw heat away from the LED junction so that it reaches thermal equilibrium below its max allowable temperature.
Lighting should be specified around the performance needs of the end user (luminance, illuminance), not its internal design or drive current.

14. Question: Which one is running at the best drive current?
LED comparison
61W
5.8W
3.2W
The LED on the left is from Fixture A.
Voltage = 3V, Drive Current = 1.05A, Wattage = 3.2W.
The LED in the middle is from Fixture B.
Voltage = 145V, Drive Current = 0.04A, Wattage = 5.8W
The LED on the right is from Fixture C.
Voltage = 34V, Drive Current = 1.8A, Wattage = 61W
Question: Which one is running at the best drive current?

15. LED comparison
61W
5.8W
3.2W
Answer: Each is running at the correct drive current for its application.
1-Square Navion
16 3.2W each
Total wattage = 51W
Case temperature of LEDs < 85oC, within mfr specs
Caretaker
8 5.8W each
Total wattage = 46W
Verdeon A01
1 61W
Total wattage = 61W
Case temperature of LEDs < 100oC, within mfr specs

16. Heat = Life What determines life? Life = Tc Drive Current = Efficiency
An LED driven at 1050mA with a Tc (case temperature) of 85C
will outlive the same LED driven at 530mA with a Tc of 90C
Life = Tc
Drive Current = Efficiency

17. LED vs. HID
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18. AccuLEDTM optics system

19. 60K hrs is 15 years at 11 hrs a day 365 days a year
Light source life
- With an HID system – 360 degree source, wrapped with
60K hrs is 15 years at 11 hrs a day 365 days a year

20. Light control HID vs. Controlled Optics 90° 70° 0° 0°
70° of Light Escapes Unaimed
70° 0°
90°
100% Aimable Light
LED Chip
Lens
vs Controlled Optics
285W 22,000 lms
107W 11,059 lms
- With an HID system – 360 degree source, wrapped with
Point-By-Point (20’ MH, 80’ Spacing)
Avg Max Min Max/Min__
Avg Max Min Max/Min___

21. Photometric templates
TYPE III 250W MHPS – 283W System TYPE III 107W LED
Type 3 DISTRIBUTION 25’ MOUNTING HEIGHT – GRID LINES 25’ SCALE

22. Photometric reports TYPE III 250W MHPS TYPE III 107W LED
Absolute Photometry
Relative Photometry

23. HID │LED equivalency HID vs. LED
283W PSMH ,000 lms W LED [Absolute] ,680 lms
Street Side = 45% ,908 lms Street Side = 82.8% ,845 lms
LER – Luminaire Efficacy Rating (Optical Efficiency) – how many of those lumens are getting through the optics
NOW NEED LIGHT LOSS FACTOR (LLF = BF * LDD * LLD)

24. HID │LED lumen depreciation (LLD)
HID vs. LED
LLD for LED = 0.96
Rated Life X 0.4 = 8000 hrs
17, hrs (22,000 X 0.8)
17,600/22,000 = 0.80 LLD

25. HID │LED light loss factors
HID (Metal Halide) vs. LED
LLF = BF * LDD * LLD
Ballast Factor Ballast Factor
DIRT (LDD) DIRT (LDD)
LDD – Dirt depreciation .90 is industry standard for typical outdoor lighting is used due to the IP66 rating on lightBAR systems (no dirt build up on lenses – no bugs, etc)
Lumen Depr’n (LLD) Lumen Depr’n (LLD)
LLD = Mean Lumens 40% life] ÷ Initial Lumens
LLD = Lumen depreciation
50,000 25°C Ambient
LLF = 0.9 * 0.80 = LLF = 0.95 * 0.96 = 0.912

26. Comparable Task Lumens
HID │LED equivalency
HID vs. LED
283W PSMH ,000 lms W LED [Absolute] ,680 lms
Street Side = 45% ,908 lms Street Side = 82.8% ,845 lms
LER – Luminaire Efficacy Rating (Optical Efficiency) – how many of those lumens are getting through the optics
0.72 LLF [Light Loss Factor] 7,134 lms LLF [Light Loss Factor] 8,067 lms
Comparable Task Lumens

27. Visibility, perception, safety & uniformity

31. 315w Navion at Intersections
Existing HID system
54 – 1000 watt (1060 system watts) HPS Galleria fixtures, 58,320 watts
New LED system
56 – 412 watt LED Galleon luminaires, 23,072 total watts.
60.4% reduction in energy usage related to outdoor lighting.
New lighting enhances the safety and security of shoppers, employees and property.

32. 54 – 1000 watt (1060 system watts) HPS Galleria fixtures, 58,320 watts
157w Navion on Roadways
Existing HID system
54 – 1000 watt (1060 system watts) HPS Galleria fixtures, 58,320 watts
New LED system
56 – 412 watt LED Galleon luminaires, 23,072 total watts.
60.4% reduction in energy usage related to outdoor lighting.
New lighting enhances the safety and security of shoppers, employees and property.

33. 54 – 1000 watt (1060 system watts) HPS Galleria fixtures, 58,320 watts
107w Navion on Roadways
Existing HID system
54 – 1000 watt (1060 system watts) HPS Galleria fixtures, 58,320 watts
New LED system
56 – 412 watt LED Galleon luminaires, 23,072 total watts.
60.4% reduction in energy usage related to outdoor lighting.
New lighting enhances the safety and security of shoppers, employees and property.

35. Town Center Nissan, Kennesaw, GA
Existing HID system
54 – 1000 watt (1060 system watts) HPS Galleria fixtures, 58,320 watts
New LED system
56 – 412 watt LED Galleon luminaires, 23,072 total watts.
60.4% reduction in energy usage related to outdoor lighting.
New lighting enhances the safety and security of shoppers, employees and property.

36. Town Center Nissan, Kennesaw, GA
Existing HID system
54 – 1000 watt (1060 system watts) HPS Galleria fixtures, 58,320 watts
New LED system
56 – 412 watt LED Galleon luminaires, 23,072 total watts.
60.4% reduction in energy usage related to outdoor lighting.
New lighting enhances the safety and security of shoppers, employees and property.

37. Tilted Galleon LED Market Drivers
GAN-AE-ADJS – adjustable arm, slipfitter mount
GAN-AE-ADJS—Tilt ange set for 15 degrees for optimal performance
GAN-AE-ADJA-WM – adjustable arm, direct pole mount and wall mount adapter
Market Drivers
High-lumen package, 107w- 530w wattage range, perimeter area lighting, off-roadway applications, excellent performance for illuminating parking lot and face of buildings.
60% Energy saving over HID
Reduces maintenance costs by eliminating expensive lamp changes
Key Product Attributes
Replaces up to 1000W MH
IP66, 3G vibration rated up to 60o from horizontal

38. Tilted Galleon LED Market Drivers
GAN-AE-ADJS – adjustable arm, slipfitter mount
GAN-AE-ADJS—Tilt ange set for 15 degrees for optimal performance
GAN-AE-ADJA-WM – adjustable arm, direct pole mount and wall mount adapter
Market Drivers
High-lumen package, 107w- 530w wattage range, perimeter area lighting, off-roadway applications, excellent performance for illuminating parking lot and face of buildings.
60% Energy saving over HID
Reduces maintenance costs by eliminating expensive lamp changes
Key Product Attributes
Replaces up to 1000W MH
IP66, 3G vibration rated up to 60o from horizontal

39. Tilted Galleon LED Market Drivers
GAN-AE-ADJS – adjustable arm, slipfitter mount
GAN-AE-ADJS—Tilt ange set for 15 degrees for optimal performance
GAN-AE-ADJA-WM – adjustable arm, direct pole mount and wall mount adapter
Market Drivers
High-lumen package, 107w- 530w wattage range, perimeter area lighting, off-roadway applications, excellent performance for illuminating parking lot and face of buildings.
60% Energy saving over HID
Reduces maintenance costs by eliminating expensive lamp changes
Key Product Attributes
Replaces up to 1000W MH
IP66, 3G vibration rated up to 60o from horizontal

40. Tilted Galleon LED Market Drivers
GAN-AE-ADJS – adjustable arm, slipfitter mount
GAN-AE-ADJS—Tilt ange set for 15 degrees for optimal performance
GAN-AE-ADJA-WM – adjustable arm, direct pole mount and wall mount adapter
Market Drivers
High-lumen package, 107w- 530w wattage range, perimeter area lighting, off-roadway applications, excellent performance for illuminating parking lot and face of buildings.
60% Energy saving over HID
Reduces maintenance costs by eliminating expensive lamp changes
Key Product Attributes
Replaces up to 1000W MH
IP66, 3G vibration rated up to 60o from horizontal

41. Tilted Galleon LED Market Drivers
GAN-AE-ADJS – adjustable arm, slipfitter mount
GAN-AE-ADJS—Tilt ange set for 15 degrees for optimal performance
GAN-AE-ADJA-WM – adjustable arm, direct pole mount and wall mount adapter
Market Drivers
High-lumen package, 107w- 530w wattage range, perimeter area lighting, off-roadway applications, excellent performance for illuminating parking lot and face of buildings.
60% Energy saving over HID
Reduces maintenance costs by eliminating expensive lamp changes
Key Product Attributes
Replaces up to 1000W MH
IP66, 3G vibration rated up to 60o from horizontal

42. Tilted Galleon LED Market Drivers
GAN-AE-ADJS – adjustable arm, slipfitter mount
GAN-AE-ADJS—Tilt ange set for 15 degrees for optimal performance
GAN-AE-ADJA-WM – adjustable arm, direct pole mount and wall mount adapter
Market Drivers
High-lumen package, 107w- 530w wattage range, perimeter area lighting, off-roadway applications, excellent performance for illuminating parking lot and face of buildings.
60% Energy saving over HID
Reduces maintenance costs by eliminating expensive lamp changes
Key Product Attributes
Replaces up to 1000W MH
IP66, 3G vibration rated up to 60o from horizontal

43. Tilted Galleon LED Market Drivers
GAN-AE-ADJS – adjustable arm, slipfitter mount
GAN-AE-ADJS—Tilt ange set for 15 degrees for optimal performance
GAN-AE-ADJA-WM – adjustable arm, direct pole mount and wall mount adapter
Market Drivers
High-lumen package, 107w- 530w wattage range, perimeter area lighting, off-roadway applications, excellent performance for illuminating parking lot and face of buildings.
60% Energy saving over HID
Reduces maintenance costs by eliminating expensive lamp changes
Key Product Attributes
Replaces up to 1000W MH
IP66, 3G vibration rated up to 60o from horizontal

44. Comparing LED Luminaires
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Headlines should be set with an initial cap (sentence case) and the rest in lower case. Only product names or acronyms in the headline should begin with a capital letter.

45. Photometric toolbox
Can read and create templates for any IES file

46. Comparison - photometric reports
LED Fixture X LED Fixture Y

47. Various Type II LED

48. Comparing fixtures DISTRIBUTION MATTERS!
Fixtures with equal lumen output do not perform equally.
Always include EQUAL maintenance factors when comparing and crossing LED fixtures.
Use the IES file to determine lumen output, wattage and street side lumens – (quick fixture cross – design lumens)
Create template in Photometric Toolbox (where are the design lumens going?)

49. Specifications
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50. MSSLC Municipal Solid State Lighting Consortium
Group consists of utilities, municipalities – users only (no manufacturers)
Share technical information and experiences with LED lighting
Peer group – utilities and municipalities encouraged to join
Have created model specification for LED luminaires – should be customized
Spec intended to be a template

51. Specification - Categories
Quality Assurance (Testing, Manufacturer Identification)
Submittals (Spec sheets for luminaires, drivers, LEDs, thermal reports, etc.)
Luminaires (approved manuf.)
Electrical (operating voltage/frequency, surge, THD, etc.)
Photometrics (CCT, CRI, CU)
Thermal (ambient range, thermal capacity)
Physical/Mechanical (tool-less entry, leveling, 3G vibration)

52. Specification - References
American National Standards Institute (ANSI):
C136.XX – Covers voltage classification, photocontrol devices/receptacles, luminaire field ID (wattage labels, internal labeling, Ingress protection, vibration)
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM):
Salt spray, painting/coating
European Union (EU):
RoHS II - restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment (recyclable)

53. Specification - References
Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA or IES):
Roadway lighting maintenance
Photometric measurement
Operating factors
LM-79: IESNA approved method for electrical and photometric measurements of solid-state lighting products (fixture)
LM-80: IESNA approved method for measuring lumen maintenance of LED light sources (LEDs)
RP-8: ANSI/IES standard practice for roadway lighting design
TM-15 - Luminaire Classification System for Outdoor Luminaires
TM-21: Projecting long term lumen maintenance of LED light sources – 6 X’s tested hours
Underwriters Laboratories (UL)
UL Surge Protection Devices
UL Luminaires
UL8750 – LED equipment for use in products

54. Specification – Quality assurance
Manufacturers of LED luminaires shall demonstrate a suitable testing program incorporating high heat, high humidity and thermal shock test regimens to ensure system reliability and to substantiate lifetime claims.
The sole use of IESNA LM-80 data to predict luminaire lifetime is not acceptable – what about when the LEDs are installed in a fixture? LM-80 addresses lumen depreciation of the light source (LEDs) only – not the performance of the light source integrated into a luminaire.
Each luminaire shall utilize a unique serial numbering scheme.

55. Specification - Submittals
Spec sheets for fixture
Cut sheets for light sources - LEDs
Driver spec sheets
Thermal reports for luminaire – fixture performance, not LEDs alone
Surge protection device – UL1449
Installation/maintenance instructions
Integrating sphere report for each LED luminaire showing kelvin temperature and CRI
IES files per LM-79 in IES format for each luminaire from a NVLAP accredited photometric laboratory
LED manufacturers LM-80 test report - lumen depreciation of LEDs
TM-21 lumen depreciation data on the proposed luminaire - system

56. Specification - Luminaires
List acceptable manufacturers
Luminaire shall be an assembly that utilizes LEDs as the light source. In addition, a complete luminaire shall consist of a housing, LEDs or LED array, and electronic driver (power supply)
Rated operating temperature range shall be -­40°C (-40ºF) to +40°C (104ºF). Luminaire shall be capable of operating above 104°F (40°C).
Photometry must be compliant with IESNA LM-79…..luminaire absolute photometry
Luminaire shall be constructed such that LED drivers and surge modules may be replaced or repaired without replacement of whole luminaire
UL 1598 – Luminaires
IP-65 housing and IP-66 for driver (or internal control circuitry)

57. Lumen maintenance table
Ambient Temperature
Lumen Maintenance
25,000 Hours
50,000 Hours
60,000 Hours TM-21 Rating
100,000 Hours
1000mA Drive Current (Standard)
25°C
> 99%
> 96%
> 94%
> 90%
40°C
> 98%
> 95%
> 93%
> 88%
50°C
> 84%
700mA Drive Current
> 97%
> 92%
> 86%
530mA Drive Current

58. Specification - Electrical
Operating frequency 60 HZ ±3 HZ AC
Operating Voltage108 VAC to 305 VAC (no visible effect on light output)
Power Factor of 0.9 or greater
THD less than 20%
Surge suppression device 10kV and field replaceable
SPD must be UL1449
Surge Schematic

59. Standard surge with MOVs only
One or more MOVs, no fusing. No protection after MOV reaches thermal failure.
MOVs alone do not qualify as Surge Protective Devices under UL Standard 1449.

60. Specification - Photometrics
LEDs horizontal to the ground – no aiming
For discreet & Multiple COB LEDs – All LEDs in luminaire should have same optical pattern
BUG rating – backlight, uplight and glare
No lumens above 90º (U0)
Nominal correlated color temperature (CCT) of 4000°K (+/- 225°K)
CRI > 70
Total luminaire lumens not necessarily a good metric

61. Specification - Thermal
Luminaire shall start and operate in ambient temperature range specified
Passive thermal control (conduction, convection) – No fans
Ample heat sinking – Fixture components’ (LEDs & driver) max temperature are not exceeded at maximum rated ambient temperature (i.e. 40°C)
The thermal management shall be of sufficient capacity to assure proper operation of the luminaire over the expected useful life

62. Specification – Physical/Mechanical
Tool-less entry to electrical compartment
Mechanical construction must allow for level mounting (i.e. leveling steps)
For roadway or security fixture - must accommodate 1¼” to 2” ID pipe (1 5/8” to 2 3/8” OD)
UL wet location listed
IP-66 optics
3G vibration per ANSI C American Standard for Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment
Terminal block
House side shield available if needed?
3-pin or 7-pin photocontrol receptacle
ID – External and internal labeling per ANSI C and ANSI C136.22

63. MSSLC - Tables Material Specification Method – Luminaire Only
System Specification Method – Performance Based