1. MORE LANDSLIDES THAN ANY OTHER REGION IN THE WORLD
MORE DEATHS CAUSED BY LANDSLIDES THAN ANY OTHER REGION IN THE WORLD

2. LANDSLIDES HIMALAYAS INDIA
TECTONICALLY ACTIVE AREA
MANY EARTHQUAKES
MONSOON RAINFALL
INTENSE HEAVY SUMMER RAINFALL
AUGUST 1998, 700mm IN FIRST HALF OF AUGUST
½ ANNUAL TOTAL
UTTAR PRADESH
SUMMER SNOW AND ICE MELT IN HIMALAYAS
LANDSLIDES
HIMALAYAS
INDIA
CLIMATE CHANGES MAKE EXTREMES MORE LIKELY
EL-NINO RELATED?
GLOBAL WARMING?
UTTARAKHAND
AUGUST 1998, 380 DEATHS, 50,000 EVACUATED
DEFORESTATION FOR COMMERCIAL, SUBISISTENCE AND FUEL NEEDS
ROAD BUILDING, URBANISATION, BRICK/CONCRETE BUILDINGS, SEWAGE DISPOSAL
EXTREME POVERTY = DEFORESTATION
SOIL EROSION FRAGILE ECOSYSTEM
EASILY DAMAGED BY INAPPROPRIATE ACTIONS/DEVELOPMENTS
ECOTOURSIM INCREASES NUMBERS AND PRESSURE ON THE LAND

4. BEFORE 2004 MANAGEMENT OF LANDSLIDE DISASTERS WAS JUST RESPONSE
SINCE 2004 HIMALAYAN LANDSLIDE POLICY DEVELOPED
NOW REPONSE AND PREDICTION, PREVENTION, PREPARATION AND MITIGATION
NIDM NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DISASTED MANAGEMENT SET UP

5. HIMALAYAN LANDSLIDE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES
-BETTER FUNDING BY GOVT.
-IMPROVED COMPENSATION
-IMPROVED EMERGENCY PROCEDURES AND FACILITIES eg HELIPORTS
GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATIONS BEFORE ANY NEW DEVELOPMENT
LOOKING AT GEOLOGY, ECOLOGY, SOILS, HYDROLOGY
PROVISION AND STOCKPILING OF EQUIPMENT
AMBULANCES
BULLDOZERS
SHELTERS
GENERATORS etc.
HIMALAYAN LANDSLIDE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES
-LANDSLIDE HAZARD ZONATION USING GIS
-VULNERABILITY MAPPING USING AERIAL AND SATELLITE IMAGERY
-ZONES OF ‘NO CONSTRUCTION’
FAMILY RELIEF KITS AND LIGHTWEIGHT HOUSING
MONITORING, OBSERVATION, WARNINGS IN MONSOON SEASON
COMPULSORY INSURANCE OF HOUSE CROPS AND LIVESTOCK
-DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLANNING
-LOCAL EXPERTS
- IMPROVED TRAINING/PRE DISASTER DRILLS
-DISASTER INTERVENTION TEAMS AT VILLAGE LEVEL
-RAISING AWARENESS
INVOLVEMENT OF RELIGIOUS ORGANISATIONS AND OTHER NGO’s
REAFFORESTATION IN UNSTABLE AREAS OF BROAD LEAVED TREES FOR MORE INTERCEPTION
BAN BLASTING AND DEFORESTATION FOR COMMERCIAL REASONS