1. Acids and Bases Notes

2. I. Strength of Acids and Bases
A. Bases:
Strong Bases: metal hydroxides of Group I and II metals (except Be) that are soluble in water and dissociate (separates into ions) completely in dilute aqueous solutions
Weak Bases: a molecular substance that ionizes only slightly in water to produce an alkaline (basic) solution (ex. NH3)

3. My uncle was a chemist, a chemist he's no more for what he thought was H 2 O was H 2 S O 4. (Ha Ha)
B. Acids:
Strong Acids: an acid that ionizes (separates into ions) completely or very nearly completely in aqueous solutions (will not be on Ka chart).
Weak Acids: an acid that ionizes only slightly in dilute aqueous solutions (will be on the Ka chart).

4. Why do white bears dissolve in water? Because they're polar.
1. Binary or hydrohalic acids – HF, HCl, HBr, HI, etc. “hydro____ic acid” are usually strong acids
HF and H2S are weak hydrohalic acid. Although the H-F bond is very polar, the bond is so strong (due to the small F atom) that the acid does not completely ionize.

5. Acids
Have a sour taste.

6. Acids
Turn blue litmus red.
Turn methyl orange red.

7. Acids Will react with: Mg + 2HCl  MgCl2 + H2 MgO + 2HCl  MgCl2 + H2O
some metals to produce a salt and H2.
metal oxides to produce a salt and H2O.
metal carbonates to produce a salt, H2O, and CO2.
bases to produce a salt and H2O.
Mg + 2HCl  MgCl2 + H2
MgO + 2HCl  MgCl2 + H2O
MgCO3 + 2HCl  MgCl2 + H2O + CO2
Mg(OH)2 + 2HCl  MgCl2 + 2H2O

8. Acids
Are electrolytes.
Conduct an electric current when dissolved.

9. Bases Have a bitter taste.
Coffee itself is acidic, but it contains an alkaline compound – caffeine – which contributes to its bitter taste.

10. Bases
Feel slimy or slippery to the touch.

11. Bases Turn red litmus blue. Turn methyl orange yellow.
Turn phenolphthalein pink.
Litmus pH scale.

12. Bases React with acids to produce salt and H2O.
HCl + NaOH  NaCl + H2O

13. Bases
Are electrolytes.