1. Ethics, Innovation and the Law

2. Lesson Objectives Ethics, Innovation and the Law
Explore the way technology has developed and the impact this has on students and society.
Learn about the laws that regulate the use of technology, and the challenges of keeping up with the pace of change.
Consider the ethics of using technology. 2
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3. Q: What is the difference between ethics and the law?
Ethics, Innovation and the Law
Q: What is the difference between
ethics and the law? 3
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4. A set of beliefs about what is morally right and wrong.
Ethics, Innovation and the Law
Ethics
A set of beliefs about what is morally right and wrong.
Law
A rule, usually made by a government, that is used to order the way in which a society behaves. 4
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5. Q: How has the way we use phones changed over time?
Ethics, Innovation and the Law
Q: How has the way we use phones changed over
time? 5
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6. Ethics, Innovation and the Law6
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7. Q: What is artificial intelligence?
Ethics, Innovation and the Law
Q: What is artificial intelligence?
Computer systems that are able to perform tasks normally requiring human intelligence, such as the ability to understand language, recognise pictures, solve problems, make decisions and learn. 7
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8. Ethics, Innovation and the Law
Activity 1:
Sort the statements from worksheet 1 into benefits and challenges. 8
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9. Ethics, Innovation and the Law
Benefits
Challenges
More tedious basic tasks can be undertaken by AI, which frees up humans to do more complex and creative activities and be more productive.
Using AI can make businesses more efficient, as they are able to work more quickly. A good example of this is the automobile industry. AI has enabled factories to produce vehicles more quickly.
AI is less prone to random errors in the way that humans are.
Machines can work constantly without any need for breaks.
The use of AI can help keep humans safe because computers can undertake some tasks that would be dangerous for humans to do, for example, handling nuclear material.
If there is existing bias in a decision-making system, AI can learn this bias if care is not taken. For example, facial recognition systems are poor at recognising and differentiating amongst people with darker skin.
It is not always obvious who is responsible when AI makes a mistake, or causes harm.
The greater use of AI means there is a lot more data, including personal data, in computer systems which requires strong security to keep the data safe. Data breaches and hacking are potentially very serious.
Machines do not have any emotions and moral values, and cannot make judgements between what is right and wrong.
AI cannot learn every possible scenario that might happen and therefore could be fooled in ways that humans wouldn’t be. 9
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10. Consider: Ethics, Innovation and the Law Q: How do you feel about
some of the things
technology can do?
Q: Do you think there
should be restrictions
on the way technology
is used? 10
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11. Activity 2 Read through the scenarios and decide:
Ethics, Innovation and the Law
Activity 2
Read through the scenarios and decide:
whether you think what happened was ethically wrong;
if you think the law was broken in any of the cases. 11
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12. Data Protection Act 2018 Ethics, Innovation and the Law 12
This law controls how your “personal data” is used by organisations, businesses or the Government.
It introduced the standards of the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) into UK law. It is the main piece of legislation in the UK that deals with data protection. 12
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13. Data Protection Act 2018 Ethics, Innovation and the Law 13
It gives you rights such as the right to:
be informed about how your personal data is being used
access your personal data
have your incorrect data updated
have your personal data erased
stop or restrict the processing of your personal data. 13
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14. Data Protection Act 2018 Ethics, Innovation and the Law 14
The maximum fine for a company that breaks the 2018 Act is
20 million Euros or
4% of the turnover of that company
whichever amount is higher. 14
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15. The ICO Ethics, Innovation and the Law 15
The Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) is the UK supervisory authority for data protection in the UK. They:
Promote good practice
Monitor and review personal data breaches
Monitor compliance with the law
Take enforcement actions. 15
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16. Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984
Ethics, Innovation and the Law
Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984
A police officer can arrest anyone:
who is about to commit an offence
who is in the act of committing an offence
whom they have reasonable grounds for suspecting to be about to commit an offence
whom they have reasonable grounds for suspecting to be committing an offence. 16
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17. Equality Act 2010 Ethics, Innovation and the Law 17
Makes it illegal to treat any person unfairly or less favourably than someone else because of a protected characteristic. 17
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18. Equality Act 2010 – Protected Characteristics
Ethics, Innovation and the Law
Equality Act 2010 – Protected Characteristics
Age
Disability
Gender reassignment
Marriage and civil partnerships
Pregnancy and maternity
Race
Religion or belief
Sex
Sexual orientation 18
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19. Equality Act 2010 Ethics, Innovation and the Law 19 You are protected:
in the workplace
at any educational institution
when using any public services
as a consumer
when buying or renting property
as a member or guest of a private club or association. 19
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20. Activity 3 Ethics, Innovation and the Law
Think about the scenarios you have just discussed:
Q: Is the law always the
best way to regulate
technology? 20
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21. Activity 3: Ethics, Innovation and the Law Q: What alternatives are
there to the law?
Q: What might happen if we
regulate technology too
much? 21
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22. The Centre for Data Ethics and Innovation
Ethics, Innovation and the Law
The Centre for Data Ethics and Innovation
The CDEI is an advisory body set up by Government and led by independent experts. It is responsible for:
Identifying the opportunities for strengthening ethical and innovative uses of data and AI
Agreeing and sharing best practice
Advising Government on actions it needs to take to ensure that data and AI is used safely and ethically. 22
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23. Plenary Ethics, Innovation and the Law
List three new things you have learnt today.
What have you found most surprising about what we have discussed today?
Share one important piece of information, concept or view you now have. 23
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24. Motion Ethics, Innovation and the Law
“All new technology should be regulated to ensure it is being developed for the benefit of society.” 24
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25. Short break to prepare rebuttals (10 minutes)
Ethics, Innovation and the Law
Debate format
TEAM
TIME
Opening statement
For
3 minutes
Against
Presentation of additional arguments
Short break to prepare rebuttals (10 minutes)
Rebuttal
Closing statement 25
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