1. Krakatoa East of Java (1969)
DR. GREGG WILKERSON

2. Director
Bernard L. Kowalski ( )

3. Maximilian Schell, Brien Keith
Diane Baker (Journey to the Center of the Earth, 1959)

4. Where is Krakatoa? West of Java! Netherland East Indies
East of Sumatera

5. The Krakatoa eruptions of 1883
First large volcanic eruption to be studied using scientific equipment and procedures
Altered weather patterns for years

6. Before and After
Eruption heard 1,930 miles away in Perth, Australia

7. First eruptions Looking for lost ship and loved ones Fire in the sea
WATCH IT!

8. Explanations Hot water Dead Fish Odd bird behavior
The Krakatoa island group
That’s one good looking, young geologist!
WATCH IT!

9. Aerial and undersea exploration
Note use of models
Find the sunken ship!
WATCH IT!

10. Descend into the Volcano!
Hot air rises!
Why did they sink?
WATCH IT!

11. Study the book while the island explodes!
Wrecked ship had treasure
Inside safe was package and letters
Son is OK!
Sail through the eruption!
WATCH IT!

12. Lava Flowes Krakatoa didn’t have them Depicted with models
Firework volcanoes
WATCH IT!

13. Rescue
Save the islanders!
Ash and debris falling!
WATCH IT!

14. What actually happened?
First signs of eruption May, 1883
Sunday August 26 to Monday August 27
70% of island destroyed as it sank into the caldera
Deadliest and most destructive volcanic events in recorded history.
36,417 deaths from eruption and the tsunamis.
Ash fall with pumice bombs up to 4 inches in diameter.
180 dB of 3rd explosion caused deafness in anyone within 10 miles of Krakatoa

15. Tidal waves Produced by collapse of pyroclastic flows
Ships felt resulting tsunami as far away as South Africa
Town of Merak destroyed by 46-meter high tidal wave.
Pyroclastic flows road on cushion of superheated steam as far as Sumatra, 40 km away
8–21 km3 (4.3–5.0 cu mi) of ignimbrite were deposited over 1,100,000 km2 (420,000 sq mi)

16. Krakatoa’s “Nuclear Winters”
The explosion of Krakatoa (Krakatau) created volcanic winter-like conditions.
The four years following the explosion were unusually cold, and the winter of 1887–1888 included powerful blizzards.
Record snowfalls were recorded worldwide.

17. Force of eruptions 200 megatons of TNT
4 x as powerful as the Tsar Bomba, the most powerful thermonuclear weapon ever detonated
Landslides following eruptions tore of half of the Rakata volcano, leading to the final eruption
Pressure wave of 3rd explosion reached 310 dB and broke eardrums of sailors 40 miles away.
Pressure wave circled earth 3.5 times
Ash cloud 80 km high

18. What happened next? Pyroclastic flows (not lava) Volcanic ash Tsunamis
Island of Baten was never repopulated and is now Ujung Kulon National Park