1. Chromosomes

2. Every organism has a set of coded instructions for a trait called genes.
Heredity is the passing of these instructions from one generation to another.
Chromosomes are what carry the genetic information, and they are composed of DNA.
Heredity

3. Chromosomes in eukaryotes and prokaryotes are different
single chromosome
circular chromosome
made only of DNA
found in cytoplasm
copies its chromosome and divides immediately afterwards
many chromosomes
linear chromosomes
made of chromatin
found in a nucleus
copies chromosomes, then the cell grows, then goes through mitosis to organize chromosomes in two equal groups
Chromosomes in eukaryotes and prokaryotes are different

4. A gene is a set of information that controls a trait
A gene is a set of information that controls a trait. It is a segment of DNA that codes for a specific trait.
Genes occur in at least two forms.
These forms are called alleles.
Alleles can be dominant or recessive.
Genes

6. Alleles are the form of a gene found on a chromosome.

7. Dominant alleles hide or mask recessive alleles.
An allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present.
Example: Purple flower color is controlled by a dominant allele
An allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present.
Example: White flower color is controlled by a recessive allele.
Dominant alleles hide or mask recessive alleles.

8. Numbers of chromosomes
Constant for each cell in the body (except sex cells which only have half sets).
Constant throughout the life of an individual (you don’t lose or gain chromosomes)
Constant for all members of a species
Numbers of chromosomes

9. Mouse= Maize=20

10. Humans have 46 chromosomes in every cell, except for the sex cells.
Human sex cells have 23 chromosomes.
Humans have 46 chromosomes in every cell, except for the sex cells.

11. Male Karyotype of Human Chromosomes
Female Karyotype of Human Chromosomes
Chromosomes are placed in pairs called homologous pairs based on the genes located on them.