1. Singers’ Tragedy
VOCAL NODULE&POLYP
Zoe Chao

2. Definition A mass of tissue growing on the vocal cords
Typical appearance on the junction
Nodules: symmetric
Polyp: unilateral(单侧的)

3. Pathogenesis URI Vocal abuse Endocrine disorder
Laryngopharyngeal reflux
Exposure to pathogenic factors
Bernoulli's Principle
Inflammatory exudate

4. Symptoms Hoarseness of speech Painful speech production
Frequent vocal breaks
Reduced vocal range
Diplophonia(双音)
Dyspnea

5. Treatment
Rest
Training
Medication
Surgery
PREVENTION IS CRUCIAL

6. There is no music, and life is of no value. Nietzsche
Sing we and chant it
There is no music, and life is of no value Nietzsche

7. Reference · http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocal_nodule· ·
article&id=102:childnodules&catid=11:admin&Itemid=108 ·
rticle&id=105:adultvoice&catid=11:admin&Itemid=120 ·
· Vocal Fold Ailments of
Professional Singers and Their Prevention · ·