2. Rocks will bend or break due to many stresses:
Examples:
Compression (pushing together)
Tension (pulling apart)
Causes: Plate Tectonics, Volcanoes, Temperature, Rock Type, etc.

3. When rocks on either side of a fracture move relative to each other the process is known as faulting
At the moment of fracture, energy may be released, causing an earthquake
The fracture surface along which 2 sides of a fault move is called the fault plane

4. Anticline
Monocline
Syncline

7. Normal Fault: Tension, Pulls apart

8. Reverse Fault, Compression, Pushes together

9. Graben Fault or Rift Valley: Formed when two normal faults pull apart.

10. Block Mountains or Horst: Occur when two reverse faults push together.

11. If the movement along a fault plane is horizontal, it is known as a strike-slip fault
This is the same as a transform fault: two side move laterally past each other

14. Fossil Fuels –this is from chapter 7
Fossil Fuels –this is from chapter 7. Yes, I know I skipped a few chapters. Remain calm.
Fossil fuels were created from the remains of ancient living organisms
They are considered non-renewable, because they are not being produced anymore
Fossil fuels include coal, oil and natural gas

15. Coal Coal is formed from the remains of plant matter
Most was formed around 300 million years ago, when much of the earth was covered in swamps and vegetation
As the plants died, they were covered by layers of sediment (small particles of rock) which prevented them from rotting
Over time more layers of sediment covered them and heat and pressure transformed the vegetation into coal

16. The first step of conversion is a substance called peat
The first step of conversion is a substance called peat. Peat burns, but does not produce much energy
With more pressure, peat is converted into lignite
With more compaction, the carbon content increases and it forms into other forms of coal
Bituminous and anthracite coal are high in carbon and burn well

18. Oil and Natural Gas
Oil is formed from the remains of microscopic sea creatures that died and settled on shallow ocean floors
They are buried under layers of sediment
Over time more sediment accumulates and subjects the remains to intense heat and pressure, which causes chemical change
Over time the oil changes from thick, tar-like goo to lighter compounds. Given enough time it will develop into natural gas
Natural gas is what you use to cook with

19. Draw and label diagrams for each of the following: Normal Fault, Reverse Fault, Horst, Graben In your own words, explain how coal is formed In your own words, explain how oil and natural gas are formed.