Frames of Reference for Pediatric Occupational Therapy, 4th ed

Frames of Reference for Pediatric Occupational Therapy, 4th ed
Frames of Reference for Pediatric Occupational Therapy, 4th ed. Chapter 1 Structure of the Frame of Reference: Moving from theory to practice J. Hinojosa, P. Kramer, & T-H Howe 1

Copyright © 2019 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
All Occupational Therapy interventions must be theoretically based Theories are a formalized collection of: Concepts Definitions Theoretical postulates Predict relationships between events in specified circumstances Copyright © 2019 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved

Identify: What is a concept? Why are definitions important? What is a theoretical postulate? Together, these define the parameters of the theory Concepts are labels used to describe sets of phenomena, definitions are important because they tell you how he/she is defining a particular concept, a theoretical postulate defines the relationship between two concepts Copyright © 2019 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved 3

The Frame of Reference Combines multiple theories or parts of theories into the theoretical base Uses those theories to define function and dysfunction Identifies a way to evaluate Identifies a way to promote change (postulate regarding change) Suggests a means to put the theories into practice (application to practice) Copyright © 2019 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved

The Theoretical Base Sets the stage for the entire frame of reference Most complex and abstract section of the frame of reference Describes both constant and dynamic theoretical information Constant theoretical information includes static phenomena Dynamic theoretical information describes how change takes place Contains assumptions, concepts, definitions, and theoretical postulates Copyright © 2019 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved 7

Review the sample theoretical base: Making Contact with Persons of the Opposite Sex as an Adolescent Identify the theories that this frame of reference is based on Identify the assumptions Identify several concepts How are these concepts defined? This frame of reference is based on Blos, Erikson, Rogers and Elkind. One of the assumptions in this frame of reference is it normal and natural to want to make connection with the opposite sex, and this frame of reference assumes a heterosexual orientation (there are others). Flirting is a concept, (there are others). Flirting is defined as making eye contact, smiling, making contact in a social appropriate way. Copyright © 2019 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved 9

The sample theoretical base: Making Contact with Persons of the Opposite Sex as an Adolescent (continued) Identify several postulates Identify the relationship between a postulate and a hypothesis Are any of these postulates hypotheses? If so, identify a hypothesis Postulate: making eye contact and smiling is a way of flirting. A hypothesis is a way of examining a theory, it is not within a theoretical base. Some potential hypotheses are found on page 11. Copyright © 2019 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved 10

The sample theoretical base: Making Contact with Persons of the Opposite Sex as an Adolescent (continued) Review the function-dysfunction continua and the indicators of function and dysfunction Can you see how this will help a therapist identify whether a client is closer to function or dysfunction? Copyright © 2019 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved

The sample theoretical base: Making Contact with Persons of the Opposite Sex as an Adolescent (continued) Guided to evaluation—Identify what you might do as a therapist to determine if a client was functional or dysfunctional in this frame of reference. Try to think of something that is different from the example given in the text Copyright © 2019 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved

The sample theoretical base: Making Contact with Persons of the Opposite Sex as an Adolescent (continued) Postulates regarding change are turning points of frames of reference They move the frame of reference from the abstract to the practical They are based on the dynamic theories in the theoretical base Copyright © 2019 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved

The sample theoretical base: Making Contact with Persons of the Opposite Sex as an Adolescent (continued) There are general postulates regarding change There are directional postulates regarding change There are postulates regarding change Identify the difference between them Copyright © 2019 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved

The sample theoretical base: Making Contact with Persons of the Opposite Sex as an Adolescent (continued) Try to write a postulate regarding change that is different from those you find in the text Copyright © 2019 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved

The sample theoretical base: Making Contact with Persons of the Opposite Sex as an Adolescent (continued) Application to Practice—this defines actually how to put the postulates regarding change into practice Try to give an example of how you could put this frame of reference into practice that is different from the examples that you find in the text Copyright © 2019 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved

Evidence A new section in each chapter Not part of the frame of reference Identifies what research has been done on each frame of reference to determine best practice Copyright © 2019 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved

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