1. Lauren Taylor – Dardanelle High School
Hardware & Software
Lauren Taylor – Dardanelle High School

2. What is the difference between hardware & software?
Collection of physical parts of a computer system.
Software
The set of instructions that tells the computer what to do or how to perform a task.

3. Hardware

4. Types of Computer Hardware
External
A device that is outside of the computer case.
Examples: Monitor, printer, keyboard, case, etc.…
Internal
A device that is installed in the computer.
Examples: video card, CPU, fan, modem, motherboard, etc.…

5. Bits to Bytes Computers use binary coding – 1 & 0
Bit – smallest unit of measurement a computer can understand
Byte – single character of data, such as a letter or number
8 bits equal 1 byte
Measurement Terms
Kilobyte (KB) – 1,000 bytes
Megabyte (MB) – 1 million bytes
Gigabyte (GB) – 1 billion bytes
Terabyte (TB) – 1 trillion bytes

6. Types of Computer Systems
Smartphone
Tablet
Laptop
Desktop
Server
Wearable

7. Inside the System Unit Motherboard – main circuit board
Central Processing Unit (CPU) – located on the motherboard, AKA the “brain” of the computer
Processor – AMD and Intel are most common

8. Input Devices
Hardware components that allow users to enter information into a computer
Keyboard
Pointing Device (mouse, touch screen)
Scanner (Bar code reader, Optical Mark Reader)
Multimedia (Microphone, Webcam)

9. Output Devices
Any hardware component that can convey information to the user
Display devices (projector, monitor)
Printers (ink-jet, laser)
Speakers

10. Storage Devices
Hardware capable of holding information either temporarily or permanently.
Magnetic (hard drive)
Optical (CD, DVD)
Flash (USB, SD)
Cloud (Dropbox, Google Docs)

11. Communication Devices
Hardware devices that make it possible for a user to communicate with another computer
Modems (phone, cable, DSL)
Network Interface Cards (NIC)
wired or wireless

12. Software

13. Categories of Software
Operating System
Application (Productivity)
Communication

14. Operating System Software
Software that acts as a “go- between”, allowing computer hardware and other software to communicate with each other
MS Windows
Mac OS
Linux
Platform – OS with hardware
Windows | Mac | Dual-Platform

15. Function of an OS
User Interface – Provides icons and menus to interact with computer
Utilities to configure the system – provides connections to networks, installation of software, management of resources
Manage Computer Resources – control the connections between the software and hardware
Secure data by controlling access – specifies authentication and authorization rights to the computer and its resources

16. Utility Software
Type of system software that runs system checks and makes sure everything is working properly
Anti-Virus Software
McAfee, Norton, AVG

17. Application Software
Programs that allow the user to perform specific tasks; also known as productivity software
Word Processing, Spreadsheet, Presentation, Database, Desktop Publishing, Painting, Video/Audio

18. Word Processing Spreadsheet
Software application that is designed to create, edit, format, print and save text-based documents, such as letters, reports, and memos
Examples: Microsoft Word, Apple Pages, Google Documents
Spreadsheet
A software application that stores data in a grid of horizontal rows and vertical columns. The software is designed to analyze data using formulas and calculations.
Examples: Microsoft Excel, Apple Numbers, Google Spreadsheet

19. Examples: Microsoft Access, FileMaker Pro, Oracle
Presentation
An application software designed to create a visual display of information; can include text, graphics, audio, and video
Examples: Microsoft PowerPoint, Apple Keynote, Google Presentations, Prezi
Database
An application software designed to collect and organize data for easy retrieval and analysis
Examples: Microsoft Access, FileMaker Pro, Oracle

20. Examples: Adobe InDesign, Corel Draw, Microsoft Publisher
Desktop Publishing
An application software that is designed to combine text and graphics to create professional print-ready publications
Examples: Adobe InDesign, Corel Draw, Microsoft Publisher

21. Communication Software
Programs that make it possible for a computer to transmit and receive information to and from other computers.
Web Browsers

22. File Management

23. File Management One component of OS
Ability to create, edit, view, print, rename, copy or delete files and folders

24. File Formats
Every file saved on a computer will have an extension at the end of a file name known as the file format – typically three characters
The extension defines how the data is stored in the file. It may also indicate which application was used to create it or what type of application is needed to open it.

25. File Types .docx .pptx .xlsx .txt .rtf .jpg .pdf .mp3 .wmv .wma .htm
.mov
.zip
.exe

26. You can sort by file type in your folders
You can also right click a file, then click properties to view the file type and other information