1. TOPIC 13: Great Depression and the new deal
13.5: Effects of the new deal

2. **It did not end the depression.
Women Play Increasingly Significant Political Roles
1. The New Deal provided desperately needed relief from the depression and enacted reforms that guarded against economic catastrophe.
**It did not end the depression.
2. World War II, with its massive military spending, will end the depression.

3. Women Play Increasingly Significant Political Roles
3. The New Deal mattered because it brought fundamental changes to the nation.
**The New Deal changed the role of the federal government in the economy, the power of the presidency, and the relationship of the American people to their government.

4. Women Play Increasingly Significant Political Roles
Eleanor Roosevelt visited an Ohio coal mine in one of her many trips around the country. Her outreach changed the role of First Lady.
Q: What was the expectation for first ladies? After Eleanor, first Ladies were often expected to be deeply involved in the nation’s affairs.

5. A Stronger Political Voice for African Americans
When the depression hit, African American workers were often the first to lose their jobs.
By 1934, the unemployment rate for African Americans was almost 50%, more than twice the national average.
Eleanor Roosevelt and others urged the President to improve the situation of African Americans.

6. A Stronger Political Voice for African Americans
The Roosevelt administration’s many African American appointees, known as the “Black Cabinet,” advised the president on issues affecting African Americans. Mary McLeod Bethune is front and center.

7. The 1887 Dawes Act had divided tribal lands into smaller plots.
New Deal Legislation for Native Americans
The Roosevelt administration made major changes in long-standing policies.
The 1887 Dawes Act had divided tribal lands into smaller plots.
By the early 1930s, it was clear that the act had worsened the condition of the people it was designed to help.

8. New Deal Legislation for Native Americans
3. Of the original 138 million acres American Indians had owned in 1887, only 48 million remained in American Indian hands, and much of it was too arid to farm.
5. John Collier, the New Deal’s Commissioner of Indian Affairs, warned that the Dawes Act was resulting in “total landlessness for the Indians.”

9. New Deal Legislation for Native Americans
Q: How did the New Deal benefit Native Americans?
The New Deal benefited Native Americans as well as other minority groups by giving them more control over their affairs and funding some projects.
It provided funds for the Navajo to open a new hospital in Fort Defiance, Arizona in 1938.

10. A New Political Coalition Emerges
By the time he died in 1945, Roosevelt had been elected to four terms as President.
His legendary political skills had united an unlikely alliance of Americans into a strong political force called the New Deal coalition.

11. This coalition brought together:
A New Political Coalition Emerges
This coalition brought together:
SOUTHERN WHITES
NORTHERN BLUE-COLLAR WORKERS—ESPECIALLY THOSE WITH IMMIGRANT ROOTS
POOR MIDWESTERN FARMERS
AFRICAN AMERICANS

12. New Deal Legislation Expands the Historical Role of Government
New Deal programs greatly increased the size and scope of the federal government.
“For the first time for many Americans,” writes historian William Leuchtenburg, “the federal government became an institution that was directly experienced.

13. WITHDRAW TAXES FROM WORKER’S PAYCHECKS DISTRIBUTE BENEFITS TO ELDERLY
New Deal Legislation Expands the Historical Role of Government
**More than the state and local governments, it came to be “the government.”
The government began to do things it had never done before:
WITHDRAW TAXES FROM WORKER’S PAYCHECKS
DISTRIBUTE BENEFITS TO ELDERLY

14. An Increasingly Significant Role Promoting Economic Growth
Goals with Expanded Government:
An Increasingly Significant Role Promoting Economic Growth
A Federal Safety Net for Those in Need
Conservation Efforts Produce Mixed Results
An Expansion of Executive Power

15. 25. What did Eleanor Roosevelt’s newspaper column promote?
laissez-faire economics
traditional gender differences
equal justice for all Americans
resistance to Republican influences
C. equal justice for all Americans

16. 26. Why did President Roosevelt refuse to support a federal anti-lynching law?
He feared that radical conservatives would seek to impeach or assassinate him.
He did not believe that the federal government should intervene in civil rights issues.
He did not believe that lynching was a serious threat to people in the United States.
He feared that southern Democrats would turn against him and prevent him from passing other reforms
D. He feared that southern Democrats would turn against him and
prevent him from passing other reforms.

17. 28. How did voting patterns change during the 1930s?
Many conservative business owners began to vote Democratic in support on the New Deal.
Many poor farmers began to vote Republican in opposition to Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt.
Many African Americans began to vote Democratic in support of Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt.
Many northern blue-collar workers began to vote Republican in opposition to the New Deal.
C. Many African Americans began to vote Democratic in support of
Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt.

18. 29. Why did Roosevelt’s presidency prompt the passage of the Twenty-second Amendment?
His widespread support encouraged Congress to increase the power of the executive branch.
His abuse of power during World War II led the government to limit the power of the executive branch.
His effective leadership increased support for a law that permitted presidents to serve unlimited terms.
His four election victories increased support for a restriction of the presidency to two consecutive terms.
D. His four election victories increased support for restricting
the presidency to two terms.