1. Hydrochloric Acid
Hydrochloric acid solution (approximately 1 M):Beware of acid mist, do not wear contact lenses, wear safety glasses. In a fume cupboard, add 166cm3 of concentrated hydrochloric acid slowly with stirring to about 1 litre of water and make up to 2 litres in a volumetric flask with deionised water. Stopper the flask, and invert the flask a number of times to ensure thorough mixing.
Hydrochloric acid solution (0.1 M): take 100 cm3 of 1 M HCl and dilute to 1 litre with deionised water. (Laboratory grade HCl is not sufficiently pure to be used as a primary standard.)

2. Sulphuric Acid
Sulfuric acid (approximately 1 M): (Always dilute sulfuric acid by adding the acid to water and not the other way round.) 56 cm3 of the concentrated acid is added slowly to about 700 cm3 of deionised water containing about 20 ice cubes. The mixture is stirred and made up to 1 litre in a volumetric flask with deionised water. The flask is stoppered and inverted a number of times.

3. Iodine Iodine–Potassium Iodide
Dissolve 15 g of potassium iodide in 125 mL of DI water; add 3 g of iodine; stir to dissolve, then dilute to 1 L. Store in a dark bottle. (starch test)
Always store iodine solutions in PVC-coated amber, glass bottles.
Iodine Solution (0.05 M)
Dissolve 20 g of potassium iodide in 400 mL of DI water; add 13 g of iodine; stir to dissolve, then dilute to 1 L. Store in a dark bottle.

4. Potassium Permanganate
Potassium manganate(VII) solution for Benzoic acid (approximately 0.2 M):
Dissolve about g of the solid reagent in about 1 litre of deionised water, and allow the solution to stand overnight. Filter the solution through glass wool in a funnel (this allows oxidation of any organic material and the filtration removes the manganese(IV) oxide formed). The solution should be stored under cool conditions in a clean dark glass bottle.
Potassium manganate(VII) solution for Iron Tablet (approximately 0.02 M):
Dissolve about g of the solid reagent in about 1 litre of deionised water, and allow the solution to stand over night. …As above
Glassware containing solutions of KMnO4 can become brown. MnO2 can be removed by scrubbing with dilute acids or sodium thiosulfate or with a weak solution of hydrogen peroxide.
When testing for unsaturation the acidified (dil H2SO4) KMnO4 should be diluted until pale pink

5. Limewater
Limewater: Add about 200 g of calcium hydroxide to 2.5 litres of water. Calcium hydroxide has a low solubility in water. Shake vigorously at intervals over a period of time and finally allow to settle. Decant off the clear limewater solution from above the undissolved solids. Top up the vessel with deionised water and repeat the process. Should last for year.

6. Storage bottles