1. ACIDS, BASES, AND SALTS
CH. 9

2. ACID
*Acid – any compound that increases the number of hydronium ions when dissolved in water.
Examples of acids: lemons, oranges, grapefruit, grapes, dill pickles
Necessary to many organisms (stomach acid)

3. Acid Properties Properties: Sour taste pH below 7 Corrosive
Forms H+ ions
Feels like water
Can damage materials, including your skin

5. Bases
*Base – any compound that increases the number of hydroxide ions when dissolved in water

6. Base Functions
Examples: found in many household products such as bleach and antacids; acts as buffers in the body

7. Base Properties Properties: bitter taste pH higher than 7
Slippery feel
Forms OH- ions
can damage your skin

9. *Indicator – a compound that can reversibly change color depending on conditions such as pH

10. pH SCALE
- Indicates the concentration of H3O- or OH- ions in a solution
Range from 0-14
7 is neutral

12. pH SCALE

13. Neutralization Reaction
- Reaction between an acid and a base which forms water as one of the products
Neutral solutions aren’t always formed
Final pH depends on the amount of acid/base and the strength of acid/base

14. Salts A salt is any substance that:
Is created from a reaction between an acid and a base. (neutralization reaction)
Neutral substance
pH of about 7

15. Salt Uses Baking soda Cleaning Highway de-icing Ceramic glazes
Water softeners
Fire extinguishers

16. More About Salts Rarely manufactured by neutralization reactions
Many salts are found in mineral deposits
Used by the body to ingest important minerals
Ex: soaps, detergents

18. CHAPTER 9 ACIDS & BASES Common Acids and their Uses: Name Source Uses
a) ACETIC vinegar preservative
b) ACETYLSALICYLIC aspirin pain relief
c) ASCORBIC vitamin C antioxidant
d) HCl stomach acid clean steel
e) H2SO4 car batteries dehydrating
agent
f) phosphoric coca cola gives it tart taste
g) formic (HCOOH) bee sting

19. CHAPTER 9 ACIDS & BASES
Common Bases and their Uses:
Name Source Uses
a) AMMONIA NH3 cleaner, fertilizer
b) NaOH soap lye, drain cleaner
c) Mg(OH)2 MOM antacid, laxative
d) Ca(OH)2 lime plaster
e) Al(OH) water treatment flux
(Aluminum hydroxide) plants

20. CHAPTER 9 ACIDS & BASES
A reaction between Ammonia + Bleach produces a deadly toxic gas called HYDRAZINE.

21. CHAPTER 9 ACIDS & BASES
How do antacids neutralize stomach acid ( HCl)?

22. CHAPTER 9 ACIDS & BASES
How do antacids neutralize stomach acid ( HCl)?
HCl combines with antacid (base) to form salt and water.

23. CHAPTER 9 ACIDS & BASES
INDIGESTION is caused by too many H+.