1. History of the Internet
Dr Maria Elena Villapol
January 2009

2. 1957
Spuntnik was launched.
Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) in the Department of Defense (DoD) was formed as response.

3. Mid-1960s
Mainframe computers were standalone computers.

4. ARPA
Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) in the Department of Defense (DoD) was interested in finding a way to connect computers.
So researchers, they funded could share they findings.

5. 1959-1967 There was some research on packet networks:
Lenoard Kleinrock: Information Flow in Large Communication Networks, PhD Thesis, 1961.
Paul Baran, RAND: "On Distributed Communications Networks" - Packet-switching (PS) networks; no single outage point, 1961.
Larry Roberts/Tom Marill publish first paper on network experiments, 1966.

6. 1965
ARPA sponsors study on "cooperative network of time-sharing computers" –
TX-2 at MIT Lincoln Lab and Q-32 at System Development Corporation (Santa Monica, CA) are directly linked (without packet switches)
Question
How were they connected?
A satellite link
A dedicated telephone line.
A radio link
TV network

7. 1967 ACM Symposium on Operating Principles:
Larry Roberts presented a plan for a packet-switching network.
Laboratory (NPL) in Middlesex, England develops NPL Data Network under D. W. Davies.
Donald Davies
Larry Roberts
ARPA’s Director

8. 1967 ARPA wants to build a small computer network.
It is called ARPANET later on.
Host computer would be attached to a specialized computer, called Interface Message Processor, IMP.
An IMP would be connected to one another.
An IMP had to be able to communicate with:
Attached host
Other IMP

9. 1968
BBN in consulting firm in Cambridge, Massachusetts wins the contract to build the subnet and write the software.

11. 1969 Question How many nodes did the very first ARPANET have? 2 nodes.

12. 1969
First node at UCLA, Network Measurements Center [SDS SIGMA 7, SEX] :
Soon after at:
Stanford Research Institute (SRI), NIC [SDS940/Genie]
UCSB, Culler-Fried Interactive Mathematics [IBM 360/75, OS/MVT]
Univ of Utah, Graphics [DEC PDP-10, Tenex]

13. 1969 IMP

14. 1969
SRI
UCLA

15. 29 Oct 1969 First Message sent on the Internet. Question
What was the first message ever sent on the Internet?
“What hath God Wrought” (Morse, 1844)
“Watson, come her, I want you” (Bell, 1876)
“LO” (??)
“One Giant Leap for Mankind” (Amstrong 1969)

16. 1969
Question
The news of the first message on the Internet was announced by:
Yahoo Today News
Nobody noticed
Several newspapers, magazines, and radio and television broadcasters around the world.

17. November 1969

18. 1969: 4-node ARPANET
The Network Control Protocol (NCP) provides communication between the hosts

19. 1970 ALOHAnet developed by Norman Abrahamson, Univ of Hawaii.
connected to the ARPANET in 1972

20. 1971
15 nodes (23 hosts): UCLA, SRI, UCSB, Univ of Utah, BBN, MIT, RAND, SDC, Harvard, Lincoln Lab, Stanford, UIU(C), CWRU, CMU, NASA/Ames.

21. 1971

22. 1973-1974 1973: Vinn Cerf and Bob Kahn design TCP.
1974: Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn publish "A Protocol for Packet Network Intercommunication" which specified in detail the design of a Transmission Control Program (TCP). [IEEE Trans Comm]

23. 1978
TCP splits into TCP and IP.

25. 1982
DCA and ARPA establish the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP), as the protocol suite, commonly known as TCP/IP, for ARPANET.
This leads to one of the first definitions of an "internet" as a connected set of networks, specifically those using TCP/IP, and "Internet" as connected TCP/IP internets.
DoD declares TCP/IP suite to be standard for DoD.

26.
1986: Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and Internet Research Task Force (IRTF) comes into existence under the IAB. First IETF meeting held in January at Linkabit in San Diego.
1987: Number of hosts breaks 10,000
1989: Number of hosts breaks 100,000

27. 1970-1990 Internet Applications
News
Remote Login using Telnet, rlogin, ssh
File Transfer using FTP

28.
1991:National Science Fundation (NFS) opens Internet for commercial use.
1992: World-Wide Web (WWW) released by CERN; Tim Berners-Lee developer.
1993: March Andreesson Mosaic Browser

29. 1994
First spam on the Internet by two Arizona-based attorneys Lawrence Canter and Martha Siegel.

30. References
Leonard Kleinrock . Brief History of the Internet.
R. Zakon. Hobbes' Internet Timeline.