1. Energy Loss Due to Paravalvular Leak With Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation 
Ali N. Azadani, PhD, Nicolas Jaussaud, MD, Peter B. Matthews, BS, Liang Ge, PhD, T. Sloane Guy, MD, Timothy A.M. Chuter, MD, Elaine E. Tseng, MD 
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 
Volume 88, Issue 6, Pages (December 2009)
DOI: /j.athoracsur
Copyright © 2009 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

2. Fig 1
(A) Homemade 23 mm transcatheter aortic valve. (B) Edwards SAPIEN valve.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2009 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

3. Fig 2
Diagram of pulsatile-flow testing system. Control volume is defined by the dashed line.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2009 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

4. Fig 3
Total energy loss of three Carpentier-Edwards Perimount bioprostheses, and the TAV before and after implantation within the 23mm bioprosthesis. (☐ = leak flow; ■ = closing flow; = forward flow; * is p < )
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2009 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

5. Fig 4
Percentage of energy loss during forward, closing, and leak flow. (☐ = leak flow; ■ = closing flow; = forward flow.)
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2009 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions