1. What to Do and How to Do It
Citing Sources
What to Do and How to Do It

2. What we’re learning today…
When to quote
When to paraphrase
How to incorporate sources
How to do in-text citations

3. “Why should I care?” Citing increases your: Research quality Reasoning
Reputation

4. Quote or paraphrase?
A quote is something you take directly from the text
“An apt quotation is like a lamp which flings its light over the whole sentence.” (Letitia Elizabeth Landon)
Paraphrasing means putting it into your own words
How would you explain what you read to someone else?

5. When to quote! When: You “can’t say it any better”
The wording is perfect for what you need

6. When to paraphrase! When: You need it to be shorter
You can “say it better”
Quoting is not necessary

7. Incorporating Sources
Three steps:
Begin with author’s full name, who they are, and title of work
Use the borrowed info
End with in-text citation (page #, etc.)

8. Which information is borrowed??
Bad Example
Which information is borrowed??

9. Good Example #1

10. Good Example #2

11. Good Example #3

12. In-Text Citations Books and Articles: give the page number
(57) instead of (Stemmler 57)
Websites: give the first few words of the web page title
(Facts About Cooking)
Put the period after the citation
According to Stemmler, 30% of students fail each year (65).

13. Let’s do an example… Book title: Weiner Dogs 101
Author: Ms. Bishop, dog expert
Borrowed info: “The dachshund is one of the top 10 breeds in the United States.” from p. 2

14. Example #2
Web page name: Facts About High Schoolers at Northwestern High School
Author: Ms. Moore, teacher at Northwestern
Borrowed info: “High school students really like to text and sleep in class.”

15. Review When should we quote? When should we paraphrase?
Three steps to incorporate sources
What goes in in-text citations?
Book or article
Website