2. Identify five perennial flowers popular in the area. Explain the difference between a summer and a winter bulb and give examples. Know three different styles of flower gardens. Describe the fall and spring maintenance activities of a flower garden. List ten herbs commonly grown in an outdoor garden.

3. Annuals (bedding plants) Cool-Season vs. Warm-Season Perennials Mostly Herbaceous Roses are woody Biennials Bulbs Cold-Hardy vs. Non-hardy(summer)

4. Good soil Drainage Raised bed provides drainage in poor soils Sunlight Most flowers prefer full sun but some will tolerate part or full shade Viewable site

5. Flower Border Designed to be viewed from one side Freestanding Bed Designed to be viewed from all sides Formal Bed Style is Symmetrical Cottage Garden Informal massing of flowers and other plants

6. Height and width potential Knowing the ultimate size of plants is critical to proper placing in the landscape! Sunlight required Continual bloom Proper planning ensures season-long bloom Disease and pest susceptibility Water requirement Match plant needs to climate

7. Steps: Loosen soil 18 inches deep Incorporate amendment (compost or peat moss) Spread ½ cup balanced fertilizer per 10 sq. ft. Edging can prevent invasion from lawn grass Transplant flowers at the same depth originally planted Annuals planted from seed must be thinned to final spacing

8. Watering Mulching Fertilizing Annuals every 6 weeks Perennials annually in spring Pruning deadheading Division Staking/supporting

9. Types of Roses Hybrid tea cut flower favorites Floribundas Bear flowers in clusters Grandiflora cross between hybrid tea and floribunda Climbing Tree rose grafted Miniature

10. May use rocks already present Plants placed in cracks and crevices Often dwarf cultivars used Low maintenance Mulch over winter

11. Great for small areas and apartment dwellers Soil should be optimal quality –lots of Sphagnum peat Daily watering is essential Frequent fertilization due to leaching Plants must be sheltered over winter to protect roots

12. Gardens specifically cultivated for cutting flowers and bringing indoors Large industry based on cut flowers Only certain flower varieties lend themselves to cutting Tall sturdy annuals and perennials Must last long Dried flowers are field-grown then cut and dried at peak bloom Has been a global market but trending towards local production

13. Ornamental, culinary, and medicinal uses Herbs develop most flavor and potency in full sun Many are adapted to poor soils Slow-dry out of direct sun Cut and hang stems upside down Bag to collect seeds

14. _________ flowers are often used to bridge the gap between blooming of different perennial flowers. Which of the flower bed styles requires the most maintenance? Deadheading is a type of _________ for flowering plants. Flowers in containers need to be _________ and _________ more frequently than flower beds.