1. The Holocaust

2. “The World is too dangerous to live in- not because of the people who do evil, but because of the people who stand by and let them.”
-Albert Einstein

3. Anti -Semitism Aryan Race
This is the term given to political, social and economic agitation against Jews. In simple terms it means ‘Hatred of Jews’.
Aryan Race
This was the name of what Hitler believed was the perfect race. These were people with full German blood, blonde hair and blue eyes.

4. For hundreds of years Christian Europe had regarded the Jews as the Christ -killers. At one time or another Jews had been driven out of almost every European country. The way they were treated in England in the thirteenth century is a typical example.
In 1275 they were made to wear a yellow badge.
In Jews were hanged in the Tower of London.
Jews were a SCAPEGOAT
This deep prejudice against Jews was still strong in the twentieth century, especially in Germany, Poland and Eastern Europe, where the Jewish population was very large.
After the First World War hundreds of Jews were blamed for the defeat in the War. Prejudice against the Jews grew during the economic depression which followed. Many Germans were poor and unemployed and wanted someone to blame. They turned on the Jews, many of whom were rich and successful in business.

5. 1. How were the Jews excluded from German society?
Boycott of Jewish shops.
Jews were no longer allowed in schools or universities.
You were Jewish if your grandparents were Jewish.
Forced to wear the Star of David.
Forbade Jewish/German marriages.

7. There were 400 laws passed between 1933 and 1939 for Jews.
2. NUREMBERG LAWS – specific laws restricting the lives of the Jews in Germany
There were 400 laws passed between and 1939 for Jews.
Jews could not employ an “Aryan” housemaid under age 45.
Jews could not be doctors, dentists, teachers, or lawyers.
Could not own land or farm.
Jewish cars were marked with a “J” on the license plate.
In 1938, every male had to adopt the first name of Israel, and every female Jew, the name Sarah.
ETC. . .

8. Kristallnacht
Nov “Night of Broken Glass” - way to show hatred towards Jews - destroyed 10,000 homes, businesses and synagogues - Jews had to pay $1 Billion Mark fine and clean everything up

9. #4
In the Ghetto. . .
the name given to entire cities turned into prisons for the Jews
People took only what they could carry
3-4 families in one room
Had enough food to feed ½ the people
Typhoid spread through impure water
Schools existed underground
Judenrat: Jewish Leaders that was made to enforce orders of Nazis
Small resistant groups formed

10. 70,000 people died in Warsaw after 2 winters.
The Warsaw Ghetto
LOCATION: POLAND
OCCUPANTS: 350,000 Jews for the city
150,000 Jews from neighboring areas
500,000 Jews in an area intended to hold 35,000 people.
“Escape” was via deportation to extermination camps.
70,000 people died in Warsaw after 2 winters.

11. The Warsaw Ghetto
Largest Ghetto in Poland, but was only 3.5 square miles.
The Warsaw Uprising
*Jewish Fighting Organization (ZOP)
*Weapons from Polish Freedom Fighters and homemade bombs.
*Idea was to die fighting
*Resistance was led by 20 year olds.
* Rather than try to fight further and try to deport the Jews, soldiers just burned the Ghetto down.

13. Extermination
( )

14. #5 - The Final Solution
Coded word for Hitler’s plan to exterminate all of the Jews.
6 million Jews were killed.
5 million people from other minority groups.
“If you hate a person, you hate something that is apart of yourself. What isn’t apart of ourselves doesn’t disturb us.”
~Hermann Hesse~
The final solution was a term first used in a letter from Goring to Heydrich and was discussed at the Wannsee Conference. It become the code for complete murder of the Jews.

15. Between 1939 and 1945 six million Jews were murdered, along with hundreds of thousands of others, such as Gypsies, Jehovah’s Witnesses, disabled and the mentally ill.

17. Percentage of Jews killed in each country
AUSTRIA 35%
POLAND 91%
USSR 36%
NORWAY 45%
BELGIUM 45%
LUXEMBOURG 55%
ESTONIA 44%
ROMANIA 84%
A Total of 6,000,000 Jews
HUNGARY 74%
YUGOSLAVIA 81%
BOHEMIA 60%
LATVIA 84%
How did they manage to get together all these Jews to kills them?
How did they kill them when they had them?
To begin with there were concentration camps.
NETHERLANDS 71%
LITHUANIA 85%
GERMANY 36%
FRANCE 22%
GREECE 87%

18. MOBILE KILLING UNITS 30,000-35,000 dead in two days Automatic
“Einsatzgruppen”
30,000-35,000 dead in two days
Automatic
Mass Graves

19. A MAP OF THE CONCENTRATION CAMPS AND DEATH CAMPS USED BY THE NAZIS.
There were concentration camps and death camps. If you went to a death camp the chances of coming out alive were virtually nil.
Even at concentration camps though you were likely to die from the appalling conditions.
Or, if you were very young, old, or incapable of hard labour, it was likely you would be transferred to a death camp too.
Anne Frank died at Belsen from Typhoid.
Leonard Leher's mother and sisters were sent to Sobibor.
YOU MAY ASK "WHO WERE THESE PEOPLE WHO WERE SENT TO PLACES LIKE THIS?"
THEY WERE CHILDREN JUST LIKE YOU. THE ONLY DIFFERENCE WAS THEIR RACE AND THE RELIGION THEY FOLLOWED.
Both

20. CONCENTRATION CAMPS where you were sent to work (labor)
10-14 Hours/day
Little Food
Crowded Barracks
Resistance = Death

21. Death CAMPS – where you were sent to die
Largest- Auschwitz
Gas Chambers
Crematories
Pictures of Auschwitz… watch tower and gas chamber. Hoss is the Nazi in charge.
6,000-12,000 deaths/day
3-5 bodies/ oven

22. Children awaiting their unknown death
Women going to work

23. 16 of the 44 children taken from a French children’s home.
They were sent to a concentration camp and later to Auschwitz.
ONLY 1 SURVIVED
HOW DID THEY KILL THESE INNOCENT CHILDREN, ALONG WITH THEIR PARENTS, GRANDPARENTS, FRIENDS ETC..
YOU WILL ALL HAVE PROBABLY HEARD OF THE WAY NAZiS GASSED THE JEWS.
A group of children at a concentration camp in Poland.

24. Children Victims of Medical Experiments
Mengele was in charge of experimentation
Dr. Mengele

25. Part of a stockpile of Zyklon-B poison gas pellets found at Majdanek death camp.#7
Before poison gas was used , Jews were gassed in mobile gas vans. Carbon monoxide gas from the engine’s exhaust was fed into the sealed rear compartment. Victims were dead by the time they reached the burial site.
THIS IS THE GAS THAT WAS INTRODUCED IN 1942.
JEWS WERE SENT INTO SEALED SHOWER UNITS ON THE PRETENCE THAT THEY WERE GOING TO BE SHOWERED. PELLETS WERE THEN PLACED INTO THE SHOWER HEADS AND GAS CAME FROM THE SHOWERS INSTEAD OF WATER.
15 MINUTES LATER THE SHOWER ROOM WOULD BE EMPTIED, BODIES WERE ALWAYS IN A PYRAMID SHAPE, PEOPLE TRIED TO CLIMB ON TOP OF ONE ANOTHER TO ESCAPE THE GAS.
BEFORE THIS TYPE OF KILLING METHOD WAS INTRODUCED THOUGH A MORE PRIMITIVE GASSING METHOD WAS USED....
I DON'T KNOW HOW, OR EVEN WHY THIS PHOTO WAS TAKEN, BUT IT SHOWS SOME MEN AWAITING DEATH ON THEIR WAY TO THEIR BURIAL PLACE.
DID THEY ALWAYS BURY THE DEAD?

26. Smoke rises as the bodies are burnt.
NO.
MORE OFTEN THAN NOT, ESPECIALLY WHEN THE NUMBER OF PEOPLE MURDERED GREW ESPECIALLY HIGH, NAZIS BURNED THE BODIES.
SO WHAT OTHER METHODS WERE USED TO SYSTEMATICALLY MURDER THESE PEOPLE?

27. Crematoriums

28. Jewish women, some holding infants, are forced to wait in a line before their execution by Germans and Ukrainian collaborators.
MASS EXECUTION USING A FIRING SQUAD WAS COMMON.
THESE WOMEN HAVE BEEN ORDERED TO REMOVE EVERYTHING, CLOTHES, JEWELLERY, EVEN WEDDING RINGS AND ARE BEING FORCED TO LINE UP AND WAIT FOR THEIR TURN TO BE KILLED.
SOME TIME LATER...

30. A German policeman shoots individual Jewish women who remain alive in the ravine after the mass execution.
THEY HAVE BEEN ORDERED TO LIE, FACE DOWN ON THE GROUND AND HAVE BEEN SHOT.
THE GERMAN POLICEMAN IS SHOOTING INDIVIDUALS WHO HAVE ESCAPED DEATH FROM THE INITIAL ROUND OF BULLETS.
THIS IS HORRIFIC BUT WE CANNOT SEE THE INDIVIDUAL FACES OF THOSE KILLED, WE DON'T REALLY KNOW WHO THEY ARE OR WHAT THEY REALLY LOOKED LIKE.
SO TAKE A LOOK AT THIS NEXT PICTURE...

31. Portrait of two-year-old Mania Halef, a Jewish child who was among the 33,771 persons shot by the SS during the mass executions at Babi Yar, September, 1941.
THIS PICTURE TELLS US A LOT.
HER PARENTS ARE OBVIOUSLY WEALTHY ENOUGH TO HAVE HAD A PORTRAIT DONE, SO IT SHOWS US THAT THE STATUS OF THE JEWS DID NOT MATTER TO THE NAZIS. IT WAS NOT JUST THE POOR WHICH WERE KILLED.
THEY WERE KILLED REGARDLESS OF WEALTH OR STATUS, THEIR DEATH WAS DETERMINED BY RELIGION AND RACE.

32. Nazis sift through a huge pile of clothes left by victims of the massacre.
Two year old Mani Halef’s clothes are somewhere amongst these.
GIVES SOME IDEA OF THE NUMBER OF PEOPLE.
BUT WHY DID THE NAZI WANT THEM TO REMOVE THEIR CLOTHES?
WHAT DID THEY WANT WITH THEIR JEWELLERY, CLOTHES, EVEN HAIR?

33. Shoes and
eyeglasses

34. Bales of hair shaven from women at Auschwitz, used to make felt-yarn.
After liberation, an Allied soldier displays a stash of gold wedding rings taken from victims at Buchenwald.
THESE PICTURES SHOW WHAT THEY WANTED.
WERE THE NAZI'S NOT WORRIED ABOUT THE CONSEQUENCES OF THEIR ACTIONS?
DID THEY NOT THINK ABOUT WHAT MIGHT HAPPEN IF ALLIED COUNTRIES DISCOVERED WHAT WAS HAPPENING?

35. Victims at the time of liberation

36. In 1943, when the number of murdered Jews exceeded 1 million
In 1943, when the number of murdered Jews exceeded 1 million. Nazis ordered the bodies of those buried to be dug up and burned to destroy all traces.
OBVIOUSLY TOWARDS THE END OF THE WAR THEY TRIED TO COVER THEIR TRACKS.
IT WAS NOT GUILT THOUGH AND THEY DID NOT DO THE WORK THEMSELVES. THEY MADE JEWS AND OTHER PRISONERS OF WAR DIG UP THE BODIES AND BURN THEM INSTEAD.
Soviet POWs at forced labor in 1943 exhuming bodies in the ravine at Babi Yar, where the Nazis had murdered over 33,000 Jews in September of 1941.

37. As the allies begin liberating parts of Europe, the Nazis increase killings in order to eliminate witnesses.
Picture: Jan Hartman’s painting of her march from Auschwitz to Bielsko.
60,000 Jews Marched

38. Death Marches #9
Lt. Henry G. Lee...A Soldier Poet.
“I can not mourn you now. I lift my load, The suffering column moves. I leave behind. Only another corpse, beside the road."

39. LIBERATION TIMELINE. . . LIBERATION TIMELINE. . .
American and British troops came upon the concentration camps.
On April 4, 1945 Ohrdruf was the first camp liberated by Americans.
Ohrdruf at Liberation… Eisenhower is in the middle of the photo wearing a kepi (?) What’s a kepi?
“As we stepped into the compound one was greeted by an overpowering odor of quick-lime, dirty clothing, feces, and urine. Laying in the center of the square were dead prisoners clad in striped clothing and in disarray. They had reportedly been machine gunned the day before because they were too weak to march to another camp. The idea was for the SS and the prisoners to avoid the approaching U.S. Army and the Russians.”
LIBERATION TIMELINE. . .
American and British troops came upon the concentration camps.
On April 4, 1945 Ohrdruf was the first camp liberated by Americans.
April 9th Liberation of Dora-Mittelbau
April 11th Buchenwald Freed
April 12th Roosevelt Dies. 
April 30th Eva Braun and Hitler commit suicide
May 7th Germany Surrenders
May 8th War is Over

40. April 30th Eva Braun and Hitler commit suicide.
April 12th Roosevelt Dies. 

41. Germany Surrenders May 7, 1945 Ends the Third Reich
Only lasted 12 years
May 8, 1945 “V-E Day” Victory in Europe

42. Some Nazis flea for their lives Hundreds of lighter sentences
#10
NUREMBURG TRIALS
Trials to determine consequences for any Nazi official or soldier involved in criminal actions during Holocaust
Begin in October
Some Nazis flea for their lives
12 Death Sentences
Hundreds of lighter sentences

43.                                                                                  
Herman Goering,
Hitler's right-hand man and chief architect of the German war effort. He avoided execution by eating cyanide.

44. Four Purposes for the Nuremburg Trials
#11
Four Purposes for the Nuremburg Trials
Bring Democracy to Germany
Expose the evils of Nazism and Hitler’s leadership.
Strengthen international law
Prevent future war crimes

45. LONG TERM RESULTS OF THE HOLOCAUST
Changed the population of Europe
6-9 million Jews were killed.
Many Jews migrated to America and Israel after WWII.