1. Sexual Plant Reproduction – Seed AG-BAS-8-b, SB2, SB2 (e)

2. What is a seed? Seeds are containers of new life.
Seeds are formed in the ovaries of flowers, which become fruit.
Seeds ensure continuing life as well as provide food and other products

3. Kinds of Seeds Monocot Dicot
Monocots are plants that have a seed with one seed leaf known as a cotyledon.
The embryo in the seed will have one leaf.
As the embryo grows, the leaves develop with parallel venation.
Corn, wheat, rice, all grasses
Dicot
Dicots are plants that have a seed with two cotyledons.
The embryo in the seed has two leaves.
Leaves of a dicot have net venation.
Tomatoes, beans, petunias, trees

4. Parts of a seed - Dicot Outside Inside Seed coat Hilum Micropyle
Cotyledons
Radicle
Hypocotyl
Epicotyl
Plumule

6. Parts of a seed - Monocot
Outside
Seed coat
Seed scar
Silk scar
Inside
Endosperm
Radicle
Hypocotyl
Epicotyl
Cotyledon
Plumule

8. How Seeds are Formed: Flowers AG-BAS-8-(c, d), SB2, SB2 (e)
Plant Reproduction
How Seeds are Formed: Flowers
AG-BAS-8-(c, d), SB2, SB2 (e)

9. What is a flower?
A flower is the reproductive part of a flowering plant.
They are modified leaves.
Some have attractive colors and fragrances
This is to attract pollinators

10. Types of Flowers Flowers are categorized in two ways
Complete or incomplete
Perfect or imperfect

11. Complete Flower Has all 4 parts: Sepals – protects the developing bud
Petals – attracts pollinators
Stamens – male reproductive structure
Pistil – female reproductive structure

13. Incomplete Flowers They do not have all of the principle parts
Some flowers do not have a sepal and petals. For example: the flower in wheat and oats.
In some cases the female and male flower parts are separate on plants.
Both are needed to produce a seed

14. Perfect vs Imperfect
Perfect flower: It has the stamen and the pistil in the same flower
An imperfect flower has the male sex organs or the female sex organs, but not both on the same flower

15. Monoecious vs Dioecious
Plants may have both male and female imperfect flowers on them.
They are called monoecious plants
Corn is a monoecious plant.
Others include: Squash, melons and pumpkins
Dioecious is when some plants have male flowers and others have female flowers.
Strawberries are dioecious
Also, gourds and bradford pears

16. Flower combos
Flowers can be combinations of complete and incomplete and perfect and imperfect
Wheat- incomplete and perfect
Cotton- complete and perfect

17. Pollination
The transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma of a flower of the same species
Pollen may be moved by wind, insects, birds and other natural means.
Flowers may be cross-pollinated
Involves two different plants.
Pollen from anther in one plant is moved to the stigma on another plant.
or self-pollinated
It involves flowers on the same plant.
Pollen moved from one flower on one plant to another on the plant.

18. Fertilization It is the union of the pollen cell with the ovule (egg).
Pollen grain develops two sperm.
One of the sperm unites with the ovule in the ovary and forms an embryo.
The other sperm forms tissue known as endosperm in the embryo.

19. Fertilization Initiates the growth of the fruit and seed
A flower that is not fertilized will not produce seed.
An ovary that has been fertilized forms fruit.
In some cases, the ovary grows very large and has a seed inside.
Some examples are watermelons, cucumbers, green peppers and tomatoes.
The seeds that are formed are products of the parents.

20. Types of Fruits All fruit can be classified into two types. Fleshy Dry
Those that have large fibrous structure surrounding the seed
Apples, pears, blackberries, oranges, grapes
Dry
Fruit that develops as a pod or in a hull
Pods can usually be easily divided half.
Beans, peas, peanuts and cotton have pods
Hull fruits do not have definite seams in the shell
Pecans, acorns, corn, oats, wheat, dandelions

21. Seed Scattering
Some seeds have structures that help them float long distances in the air.
Some attach to animal coats.
Some are eaten and spread through defecation.
Some are dropped/buried by animals.
As plants are domesticated, humans develop systems of dispersing and planting seeds.