1. Nucleic Acids Review

2. Definitions Nucleotide tRNA rRNA mRNA
Made of sugar, phosphate, and a nitrogen base
tRNA
Carries amino acid to ribosome
rRNA
Forms part of ribosome structure
mRNA
Carries DNA template from nucleus to ribosome

3. Definitions DNA Replication Transcription Translation Nucleic Acid
Making an exact copy of DNA
Transcription
Creating RNA from DNA
Translation
Interpreting RNA language to make a chain of amino acids
Nucleic Acid
Repeating units of nucleotides

4. What are the two types of nucleic acids?
DNA & RNA
What is the primary function of DNA?
Stores genetic information
Describe the structure of DNA?
Double helix, 2 long chains of nucleotides
What are the 3 components of a nucleotide?
Sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base
In which molecule of DNA does deoxyribonucleic acid get its name?
Deoxyribose sugar

5. Draw and label a nucleotide:
How are the bases of DNA paired together?
A-T and C-G
Give the complementary strand of the following original strand: GGTCGATCG
CCAGCTAGC
Compare and contrast DNA and RNA
DNA is in the nucleus, RNA in the cytoplasm
DNA double stranded, RNA single stranded
DNA bases are ATCG, RNA bases are AUCG
DNA sugar is deoxyribose, RNA sugar is ribose

6. Give the bonding rules of the base pairs in RNA.
A-U and C-G
Use your chart to give the genetic code of the following: (Amino Acids)
mRNA: CUC AAG UGC UUC
AA: Leu Lys Cys Phe
Use your chart to complete the following
DNA
TCA
GTC
TTT
ATG
CTG
ACT
mRNA
AGU
CAG
AAA
UAC
GAC
UGA
rRNA
UCA
GUC
UUU
AUG
CUG
ACU AA
Ser
Glu
Lys
Tyr
Asp
Stop

7. During translation, what does a ribosome bind to?
mRNA strand
What is a codon? Give an example of a codon of DNA.
3 base sequence Ex) TCA or UAG
Explain the relationship between gene, chromosome, and DNA.
Gene is a portion of a DNA strand, DNA strands are in the form of chromosomes

8. What is the process of DNA being changed to RNA called?
How does the process of DNA replication ensure that the entire DNA code is present in every cell of an organism?
All DNA is the same in every cell; replication makes an exact copy of DNA and DNA must replicate before the cell can divide
What is the process of DNA being changed to RNA called?
transcription
Explain the role of peptide bonds in the translation process.
Peptide bonds are formed between amino acids by the ribosome; long chain of amino acids folds to become a protein