1. Life in the Industrial Age

2. The Industrial Revolution Spreads

3. Why did some nations industrialize sooner than others?
Natural resources (Germany, France, U.S.)
Coal & Iron deposits
Wood
Waterways
Industrial advantages
Followed Britain’s lead
Stolen goods
Plans for textile factory in RI smuggled out of Britain
Watt’s steam engine powered Fulton’s steamboat

4. Eastern & southern European countries didn’t have such advantages
Japanese revolution
1868 made modernization a priority

5. FX Social changes Global changes Rapid urbanization
Long hours in difficult conditions
Low pay
Dropping prices due to factories
Made luxury goods affordable for all people
Demand for more goods produces more jobs
Global changes
Fierce national competition
Due to advantages, the west dominated the world (through trade) more than ever

6. New Technology Steel – lighter & cheaper than iron
Henry Bessemer the Bessemer Process

7. Chemistry
Aspirin, soaps, & chemical fertilizers
Alfred Nobel

8. Electricity
Michael Faraday

9. Business Capital – resources ($$$$) needed to start a business
Stock – public shares of a company
Corporations – publicly owned large businesses

10. Move toward Monopoly Mergers Cartels – organizations that set prices
Captains of Industry/Robber-Barons
Krupps, Huntingtons, & Rockefellers
Anti-trust legislation by the early 1900’s

11. Medicine blows up the population even more!
The Rise of Cities
Medicine blows up the population even more!
Louis Pasteur
Discovered link between germs & disease
Pasteurization – kills bad germs in milk
Robert Koch
ID’d bacteria that causes tuberculosis (TB)
Hygiene improves as people’s understanding does too

12. Medicine Ctd. Hospital care improved
Still dangerous though
Anesthesia – more experimental operations
Florence Nightingale
Insisted on better hygiene in British hospitals
Joseph Lister
Antiseptics prevent infection
Insisted that doctors sterilize surgical tools

13. Urban Sprawl in America
City Life Changes
Urban Renewal
Rebuilding of poor areas
Tear down medieval buildings & put in wider, straighter streets (France)
Urban Sprawl in America
Rich live in pleasant areas outside city (suburbs)
Poor left in the inner city
Paved streets, gas lamps, electric lights, Oh My!!

14. Clean water reduces the risk of disease?!?! WHAT?!?!
Sewer lines cost some major cash!!!!
But they also dramatically cut the death rate of major cities (London & Paris)
Housing still sucked though…

15. Working Conditions start to get better…
Labor Unions begin organizing
Better working conditions
Wage increases
Benefits
If demands are not met….
STRIKE!!!!
Child labor laws went into effect
Employers in Germany established pensions & disability insurance
These improvements led to higher standards of living
Better diets
More leisure time
Disposable income