1. Characteristics of Sewage
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2. Outline Strength of sewage Properties of sewage Physical properties
Chemical properties
Oxygen Demands (BOD, COD)
Use of BOD, BOD test
Solids in sewage
Biological Properties
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3. Strength of Sewage Odour, colour, turbidity Suspended Solid (SS)
Biochemical oxygen Demand (BOD)
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)
Oxygen absorbed (OA)
Chlorine demand
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4. Properties of Sewage Physical properties Chemical properties
Biological properties
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5. Physical properties a) Colour b) Odour c) Temperature d) Turbidity
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6. Chemical Characteristics
Chlorine
Nitrogen
Oxygen
PH value
Total solids
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7. Oxygen Demand
It is the demand of oxygen to oxidise both organic and inorganic matters
ThOD - Theoretical Oxygen Demand
COD - Chemical Oxygen Demand
BOD - Biochemical Oxygen Demand
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8. ThOD - Theoretical Oxygen Demand
theoretical amount of oxygen
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9. COD - Chemical Oxygen Demand
oxidizing the waste with a boiling acid dichromate solution
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10. BOD - Biochemical Oxygen Demand
the amount of oxygen required for the oxidation of a waste by bacteria
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11. Uses of BOD Polluting power of sewage or its nuisance value
The load of organic matter on the sewage treatment plants
The amount of clean diluting water required for disposal of sewage
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12. BOD Test
A sample of the sewage is taken and added to specially prepared diluting water which has an excess of oxygen. The sample is incubated of 5 days at 20C. a sample of diluting water called blank solution is also incubated in the same way. The oxygen remaining in the both is determined and difference give the oxygen consumed, i.e. the value of BOD or BOD5.
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13. COD TEST
The BOD test gives a good picture of the amount of organic matter in a stream. However, the test required a minimum of 5 days.
The chemical oxygen demand (COD) test determines the oxygen requires for chemical oxidation of organic matter by using a strong chemical oxidant.
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14. COD TEST
The COD test involves oxidation by an acid with potassium dichromate. A measured amount of dichromate is added to sample in the presence of sulphuric acid and it is boiled for two hours. It is then cooled and the amount of dichromate remaining is measured is titration with ferrous ammonium sulphate. The dichromate consumed gives the oxygen required for oxidation of organic matter.
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15. Solids Sewage Total solids Suspended and dissolved solids
Settleable solids
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16. Biological Characteristics
Develop culture medic in an incubator at specified temperature and for a specified time
View with a microscope for the type and quantity of the bacteria
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