1. Proteins and Nucleic Acids
Biology I

2. Proteins Contains nitrogen, carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen
Are made up of monomers called amino acids
There are 20 amino acids
Amino acids join together by peptide bonds
Most proteins or amino acids end in (-ine)

3. Proteins
Each amino acid contains an amino group, a carboxyl group, and a R group.
The R group determines the type of amino acid

4. Proteins Functions Serve as antibodies to protect against diseases
Help to transport substances through the body
Serve as enzymes
Form muscles, skin, hair, bone, ligaments, etc.

5. Level of Organization for Proteins
Amino acids sequence into protein chains.
The amino acids in the chain begin to twist and fold.
The chain itself begins to twist.
If a protein has more than one chain, then each chain will twist around each other.

6. Nucleic Acids
Contains oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus
monomers are called nucleotides
There are two types: DNA and RNA

7. Nucleic Acids A nucleotide is made up of three parts Phosphate group
5 carbon sugar
Nitrogen base

8. DNA (DeoxyriboNucleic Acid)
is double stranded or a double helix
Is made up of nucleotides
phosphate group
Deoxyribose (sugar)
Nitrogen base
Functions
Stores and sends genetic
information

9. RNA (RiboNucleic Acid)
is single stranded
There are 3 different types
Is made up of nucleotides
phosphate group
Ribose (sugar)
Nitrogen base
Function
Makes proteins

10. Nitrogen bases DNA 4 nitrogen bases Adenine Thymine Guanine Cytosine
A-T and G-C
RNA
4 nitrogen bases
Adenine
Uracil
Guanine
Cytosine
A-U and C-G

11. Nitrogen bases come in two structures
Purines- two ringed nitrogen base
Adenine
Guanine
Pyrimidines- one ringed nitrogen bases
Thymine (Uracil)
Cytosine