1. George Eliot / Sympathy
The Lifted Veil / “Address to Working Men by Felix Holt”

2. George Eliot, The Mill on the Floss (1859-1860)

3. What is sympathy? I (OED)
Physiol. and Pathol. A relation between two bodily organs or parts (or between two persons) such that disorder, or any condition, of the one induces a corresponding condition in the other.
Comm. in phr. in sympathy with, used in market reports in reference to a rise or fall in the price of a commodity induced by a rise or fall in that of another, or by some event or circumstance.

4. What is sympathy? II (OED)
Conformity of feelings, inclinations, or temperament, which makes persons agreeable to each other; community of feeling; harmony of disposition.
The quality or state of being affected by the condition of another with a feeling similar or corresponding to that of the other; the fact or capacity of entering into or sharing the feelings of another or others; fellow-feeling. Also, a feeling or frame of mind evoked by and responsive to some external influence. Const. with (a person, etc., or a feeling).

7. Adam Smith, Theory of Moral Sentiments (1759)
How selfish soever man may be supposed, there are evidently some principles in his nature, which interest him in the fortunes of others, and render their happiness necessary to him, though he derives nothing from it, except the pleasure of seeing it. Of this kind is pity or compassion, the emotion we feel for the misery of others, when we either see it, or are made to conceive it in a very lively manner. That we often derive sorrow from the sorrows of others, is a matter of fact too obvious to require any instances to prove it; for this sentiment, like all the other original passions of human nature, is by no means confined to the virtuous or the humane, though they perhaps may feel it with the most exquisite sensibility. The greatest ruffian, the most hardened violator of the laws of society, is not altogether without it.

8. The Mill on the Floss (1859-1860)
--Bildungsroman Maggie and Tom Tulliver! --Nature  Culture --Anima  Human --Violence  Sympathy “We ought to know about our fellow creatures, Luke.” – Maggie Tulliver

9. The Lifted Veil (1859) “My new gift” (11) or “disease” (12)?
“My abnormal sensibility” (13):
“This was the obtrusion on my mind of the mental process going forward first in one person, and then another, with whom I happened to be in contact: the vagrant, frivolous ideas of some uninteresting acquaintance … would force themselves on my consciousness like an importunate, ill-played musical instrument, or the loud activity of an imprisoned insect” (13)

10. Lucrezia Borgia, by Giorgione See p. 18-19 “I refused to come within
sight of another picture
that day.” (19)
Bartolomeo Veneziano, Lucrezia Borgia, originally uploaded by Gatochy.
Bartolomeo Veneziano (1502 – 1555)

11. But… Darwin’s Expression of Emotions in Man and Animals (1872)

12. “the roar [on] the other side of silence”
“That element of tragedy which lies in the very fact of frequency, has not yet wrought itself into the coarse emotion of mankind; and perhaps our frames could hardly bear much of it. If we had a keen vision and feeling of all ordinary human life, it would be like hearing the grass grow and the squirrel’s heart beat, and we should die of that roar which lies on the other side of silence. As it is, the quickest of us walk about well wadded with stupidity”
-Middlemarch, 1872