1. THERMAL ANALYSIS OF POWER PLANTS
P M V Subbarao
Professor
Mechanical Engineering Department
Theory Created by Most useful Hardware …..

2. Objective & Focus To train you as Complete Power Generation Engineer.
Understand the importance of energy in human development.
Realize that power plant created thermodynamics but not ….
Critical understanding of present and future power plant cycles.
Fuels and combustion for power plants.
Heat transfer and fluid dynamics of Steam generators & HRSGs.
Analysis of Steam Turbines & Feed Water Heaters.
Analysis of condenser & Pumps.

3. POWER PLANTS : A phantasmagoric REALITY
P M V Subbarao
Professor
Mechanical Engineering Department
Systems Evolved out of Biological Characteristic of Humans
Lead to Creation of An Artificial Planet..

4. Energetic Human Development
Clothes Washers
Computers
Water Coolers
Televisions
Refrigerators
Furnaces
Printers
Traffic Signals
VCRs
Monitors
Geothermal Heat Pumps
Exit Signs
Insulation
Windows & Doors
Fluorescent Light Bulbs

5. Science always has its origin in the adaptation of thought to some definite field of experience.
400 BC
Sir Ernst Mach
800 BC

6. An Engineering Adaptation to Natural Experts Running Faster
~350 km/hr
40 – 48 km/hr

7. An Engineering Adaptation to Natural Experts Flying Faster

8. An Engineering Adaptation to Natural Experts Swimming Faster
The Sail Fish

9. A Engineering Adptation to Natural Experts Load Carriers

10. Power Plants are Responsible for Human development ....
Continuous Evolution of Homo Sapients
Raw food eating habits to Micro wave based cooking.
Human and animal vehicles to Automobiles.
Watching a flying bird to flying like a bird at high speeds.
Manual machines to Electric appliances.
Living with available seasonal food to eating anything at any time.
Spending hours on paper note book calculations to High speed computing note book.
……………
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Power Plants are Responsible for Human development ....

11. 21st century Challenges to Humans
A High Tech Artificial Environment
Poor Quality Natural Environment

12. Separation of Human and Natural Influences on Climate

13. Human impact on the environment
Human impact is called as an anthropogenic impact.
The anthropogenic impact on the environment includes impacts on biophysical environments, biodiversity and other resources.
The atmospheric scientist Paul Crutzen introduced the term "anthropocene" in the mid-1970s.
The term is sometimes used in the context of pollution emissions that are produced as a result of human activities but applies broadly to all major human impacts on the environment.[

14. State of Ecosystems, Habitats and Species
Human interaction is an disruptive effect on nature.
In the beginning, human interaction with nature, enriched the quality and variety of the living world and its habitats.
Today, human pressure on natural environments is greater than before in terms of magnitude in disrupting nature.
The policies pursued in the industry, transport and energy sectors having a direct and damaging impact on the nature.
The strong focus of forestry management on economic targets primarily causes the decline in biodiversity, soil erosion and other related effects.

15. Manifestations of the Degradation
The clearest manifestations of the degradation of the natural environment are:
Reduction and fragmentation of habitats and landscapes.
A decreased species diversity, due to reduced habitable surface area which corresponds to a reduced "species carrying capacity".
The reduction of the size of habitats also reduces the genetic diversity of the species living there.
Loss of Species of Fauna and Flora.

16. Why Humans Compete Natural Experts. Only to Beat the Nature
Why Humans Compete Natural Experts ??? Only to Beat the Nature ?? So Much Ego ???

17. My Journey into True & Need Based Energy Research.....
Shri Mangal Singh
Water Wheel on River Sajnam, Bhailoni Lod Village
Lalitpur Dist.

18. The Giant Wheel Like Water Wheel

20. Design II : Krishi Vigyan Kendra ,Jagdishpur, Sonipat
5KW design with 3.7KW Irrigation Pump

21. Comparative study on development of Micro hydro water wheel
$400
$320
$2700
Cost of gear box
$170
$160
$1800
Cost of wheel
impulse
Principle 15 14 24
No. of blades
86%[t] 76%[p]
72%[t] 68%[p]
40%[t] 20%[p]
efficiency
22l/s
22 l/s
Pump discharge
450l/s
400l/s
1800l/s
Water utilized to
run
5kw
6kw
Power developed 1
1.5
Head at site in m
1.26 4
Diameter in m
New Design II
(KVK, Sonipat)
Haryana
New Design I
(Semera Village)
Lalitpur,UP
Farmer ’
s version
Bhailoni Village
Specification

22. Uttaranchal A Land for Traditional Harvest of Hydro Power

23. Estimation of Power availability and Profits
Uttaranchal
Estimation of Power availability and Profits
Generation of Data Base of various Micro Hydel Resources in Uttaranchal sites.
Design of Micro Hydel stations. - Three sites.
Total Water wheels available in Uttaranchal area – 100,000
Total Power generation if we assume each generating 5 kW – 500 MW
Cash generation of Rs. – 240 million per hour
Employment to people – 300,000

24. Dhan Cutter, Alternator
Site visited
Head available
(in M)
Flow Rate
(l/sec)
Wheel Speed
In RPM
Output Speed
Diameter of wheel
In CM
No. of Blades
Power Output
In KW
Applications
Sangtiyawala
1.40
480 90
1500
106 16 1
Chakki,
Alternator
Bhogpur Gharat (1)
2.30
889 95 2
Dhan Cutter, Alternator
Bhogpur Gharat (2)
645
104 84 29 -
Chakki
Donkwala (1)
1.50 70
100 30
Donkwala (2) 97
Donkwala (3)
1.25
Naya Gharat
,Lacchiwala
1.85
634 50
107 11 5
Chakki, Dhan cutter,
Unnat Gharat
0.6
352
New Design
342 73 3
Chakki, Alternator

25. Suggested layouts for Uttaranchal Units
Penstock
Water Wheel
Main Shaft
Bush Bearing
Wooden Base
Grinder adjusting lever
Grinding Wheel
10” Pulley
12” Pulley
Gear Box
Generator
Canal
Forbay
New Design

26. Specification of upgraded wheel for Garwhal area

27. Contributions
Design, Fabrication and Erection of 5 kW Horizontal Axis Hydro-Turbo Pump on a small river near Jhansi.
Design , Fabrication and Testing of 3.5 kW Horizontal Axis Hydro-Turbo Pump cum Generator on a Drainage Canal at Sonipat.
Design, Fabrication of 3.5 kW Vertical Axis Hydro-Turbo Atta Chakki cum Alternator at Lacchiwala, near Dehradun.
Design and Development of 5 KW Horizontal Axis Hydro-Turbo Pump cum Generator at Pokhri, Uttaranchal.
Design and Development of 5 KW Horizontal Axis Hydro Generator at Halflong, Assam.

28. Trained 25 Technicians from Uttarakhand.
National Workshop on
Development of Man-Power in Ultra Micro Hydel Turbines for Rural Energy Systems th March to 28th March 2004.
P. M. V. Subbarao
IIT, DELHI
Trained 25 Technicians from Uttarakhand.
By 2013 HESCO was responsible for entrepreneurs with water wheel based power systems.

29. Assam, India: Micro Hydro Power Project to Benefit 38 Families

30. It has a 12-foot-high water reservoir and a turbine.
Inhabitants of a remote village in the rugged, mountainous terrain of North Cachar Hills are getting uninterrupted power supply even though it is not connected by conventional power grid.
This has been made possible by the State’s first micro hydro-electricity.
The project generates 6.8 KVA power from a hilly stream called Boro Robi nullah near the hamlet.
It has a 12-foot-high water reservoir and a turbine.
“This was started as a pilot project with support from the Army, and following its successful implementation, we plan to set up more such micro hydel projects in similar terrain in the district,” HP Rajkumar, Project Director, District Rural Development Agency (DRDA), NC Hills, said, adding that a couple of sites had already been identified for the purpose.
Rajkumar said that the Army engineers designed the turbine, which cost Rs 1.25 lakh. “The Army has been very enthusiastic about the project and extended every possible cooperation to us.
We got technical expertise from the IIT-Delhi as well,” he said.
At the moment the project is illuminating 38 households of the village besides a school, a church, a temple and an auditorium. “The households have two bulbs each.

31. Are the Humans created to disrupt the Nature????!!!???
Let us understand the special bio-energetic characteristic of Humans….

32. Human Evolution due to Engineering

33. Human Vs Other living Species
Human is only one living species that requires energy for better living.
Is this a pure enjoyment?
Not a necessity?
Yet Human say:
Necessity is the mother of Invention…