1. FEM 4101 MOTIVATION AND HUMAN ACHIEVEMENT

2. Questions to ponder upon….
Have you ever found it hard to do something that needed to be done?
Have you ever had a hard time getting others to do or accomplish necessary tasks?
Would you like to take charge of your own life or help others take charge of theirs?

3. What is Motivation?

4. MOTIVATION?
What is motivation?
Why do we need motivation?

5. MOTIVATION…
Motivation is the characteristic that helps you achieve your goal.
Psychologists define motivation as an internal process that activates, guides, and maintains behavior over time.
Factors (int & ext) that stimulate desire and energy in us  to be continually interested and committed to do what we do or to make an effort to attain a certain goal

6. MOTIVATION? Who/what motivates you? How are you motivated?
Think of one or more significant others whom you would consider to be your source of motivation.
Think of one or more things that could be your source of motivation.

7. Motivation is the outcome of interaction between our conscious and unconscious factors, eg:  
Intensity of desire/need …can motivate our behavior
Incentives/reward
Our expectations of something
Ali study hard because  because he want…….

8. MOTIVATION
Motivation originates from a variety of sources (need, cognition, and emotions)
Internal processes energize and direct behavior in multiple way (starting, sustaining, intensifying, focusing, and stopping the particular behavior)
Motivation can vary in both intensity and direction.

9. What is Achievement?
An achievement is something done successfully, typically by effort, courage, or skill.
Achievement refers to an act that has been performed successfully.

10. WHAT IS ACHIEVEMENT?
"achievement is described as to overcome obstacle, and attain a high standard or to rival and surpass others or to strive and to master“ (..according to Murray's list of basic human need )
...is the driving force to do well relative to a standard of excellence (McClelland, Atkinson, Clark, & Lowell, 1953)

11. WHAT IS ACHIEVEMENT? Examples of self-related standard of excellence:
Performing batter then done previously, as in exceeding last semester's GPA
Examples of other-related standard of excellence
- Performing better than other person or a group of other, as in making higher grades then your other coursemate/ roomate/housemate

12. WHAT IS ACHIEVEMENT? However, note that “standards of excellence are
double-edged swords”
the tendency to APPROCH a standard of excellence
- The tendency to AVOID it
Anticipating anxiety, fear, defensiveness may
lead to avoid or withdraw from standards of
excellence
Anticipating pride and gratification may lead to
approach standard of excellence

13. RESEARCH ON MOTIVATION
All investigators in this field are guided by a single basic question, namely, Why do organisms think and behave as they do?
Quantitative and qualitative measurement of human achievement.

14. What does the research on motivation tell us?
The research on motivation defines motivation as an orientation toward a goal.
This orientation may be positive, negative, or ambivalent.
Motivation provides a source of energy that is responsible for why learners decide to make an effort, how long they are willing to sustain an activity, how hard they are going to pursue it, and how connected they feel to the activity.

15. What does the research on motivation tell us?
Much of the research on motivation has confirmed the fundamental principle of causality: motivation affects effort, effort affects results, positive results lead to an increase in ability.