1. Rise of indian nationalism
Factors promoting growth of nationalism

2. Socio-religious reform movements
IMPORTANT REFORMERS-
RAJARAMMOHAN ROY – GOT SATI ABOLISHED/ INTRODUCED WESTERN EDUCATION/ STARTED THE BRAHMO SAMAJ FOR REFORMS.
SWAMI DAYANAND SARASWATI- FOUNDED THE ARYA SAMAJ/ OPPOSED CASTE SYSTEM/ ENCOURAGED FEMALE EDUCATION AND WIDOW REMARRIAGE.
SWAMI VIVEKANANDA – FOUNDED THE RAMAKRISHNA MATH/ HELPED IN DEVELOPING SELF-CONFIDENCE AND SELF-RESPECT AMONG INDIANS/ REDISCOVERED INDIA’S PAST

3. GROWTH OF WESTERN EDUCATION
EDUCATED INDIANS CAME IN CONTACT WITH LIBERAL IDEAS OF THE WEST/ WERE INSPIRED BY THE REVOLUTIONS – FRENCH, AMERICAN
INDIANS LEARNT THE WORKING OF MODERN POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS
SPREAD OF ENGLISH – EASY COMMUNICATION.

4. ROLE OF PRESS & LITERATURE
EMERGENCE OF ENGLISH AND VERNACULAR PRESS.
GROWTH OF NATIONAL LITERATURE – eg., ANANDMATH

5. ROLE OF MIDDLE CLASS
SKILLED PROFESSIONALS LIKE DOCTORS, LAWYERS AND TEACHERS – WENT ABROAD FOR HIGHER LEARNING- UNDERSTOOD WESTERN POLITICAL SYSTEMS/ COMPARED QUALITY OF LIFE IN WEST AND INDIA – PROVIDED LEADERSHIP TO EMERGING INDIAN NATIONALISM.

6. ECONOMIC EXPLOITATION
PEASANTS EXPLOITED WITH HEAVY TAXATION
DESTRUCTION OF HANDICRAFTS INDUSTRIES
DRAIN OF WEALTH THEORY OF DADABHAI NAOROJI – POVERTY AND UNBRITISH RULE
DISSATISFACTION AMONG EDUCATED INDIANS – LACK OF EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES/ HIGHER POSTS RESERVED FOR BRITISH/ REALISATION THAT THE BRITISH HAD NO INTEREST IN INCREASING PRODUCTIVITY IN INDIA.

7. ADMINISTRATIVE & POLITICAL UNIFICATION OF INDIA
UNIFIED INDIA DIRECTLY ADMINISTERED BY THE BRITISH – ONE RULE/ ONE SET OF LAWS/ UNIFIED JUDICIARY/ SINGLE CITIZENSHIP/ ONE NATION.
MODERN COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS – TELEGRAPH, POSTAL SERVICES BROUGHT PEOPLE OF DIFFERENT REGIONS TOGETHER.
INTRODUCTION OF RAILWAYS – BROUGHT PEOPLE CLOSER / BECAME A MEANS OF ENDING ORTHODOX BELIEFS.

8. REACTIONARY POLICIES OF THE BRITISH
LORD LYTTON – INCREASED IMPORT DUTIES ON BRITISH TEXTILES/ REDUCED MAXIMUM AGE LIMIT FOR INDIAN CIVIL SERVICES EXAM FROM 21 TO 19/ORGANISED THE GRAND DELHI DURBAR TO DECLARE QUEEN VICTORIA AS EMPRESS OF INDIA WHEN INDIA WAS IN THE GRIP OF EPIDEMIC AND FAMINE/ PASSED THE VERNACULAR PRESS ACT CURBING LIBERTY OF INDIAN PRESS/ PASSED THE ARMS ACT TO PREVENT INDIANS FROM KEEPING ARMS.
ILBERT BILL – LORD RIPON TRIED TO BRING IT IN – INDIAN JUDGES TO HAVE RIGHT TO TRY EUROPEANS AS WELL – ALSO TO GIVE INDIAN MEMBERS OF CIVIL SERVICES THE SAME RIGHT AS THE EUROPEAN COUNTERPARTS- BILL OPPOSED STRONGLY BY BRITISH – LED TO AMENDMENT – INDIAN JUDGES GIVEN RIGHT TO TRY EUROPEAN OFFENDERS ON CONDITION – THE ACCUSED TO HAVE RIGHT TO TRIAL BY A JURY WITH AT LEAST HALF THE MEMBERS AS EUROPEANS.

9. RACIAL DISCRIMINATION OF INDIANS BY THE BRITISH
SUPERIOR ATTITUDE OF BRITISH
EXCLUSIVE CLUBS WHERE INDIANS WERE NOT ALLOWED
INDIANS NOT ALLOWED TO TRAVEL IN THE FIRST CLASS COMPARTMENT OF TRAINS.
HUMILIATION OF INDIANS.

10. PRECURSORS TO THE INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS
EAST INDIA ASSOCIATION – BY DADABHAI NAOROJI IN LONDON
INDIAN NATIONAL ASSOCIATION – BY SURENDRANATH BANERJEE

11. FOUNDATION OF THE INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS
FOUNDED IN THE YEAR 1885 BY A.O.HUME
FIRST PRESIDENT OF THE CONGRESS – WOMESH CHANDRA BANNERJEE

12. IMPORTANT SESSIONS OF THE INC
FIRST SESSION – 1885 – MUMBAI -W.C.BANERJEE AS THE PRESIDENT.
SECOND SESSION – 1886 – KOLKOTTA – DADABHAI NAOROJI AS THE PRESIDENT.
SURAT SESSION – 1907 – SURAT – THE SURAT SPLIT – RADICALS WANTED TILAK TO BE THE PRESIDENT BUT MODERATES WANTED RASBEHARI GHOSH. MODERATES SUCCEEDED. – VIOLENCE ERUPTED WHEN TILAK WAS NOT ALLOWED TO SPEAK, SESSION WAS CANCELLED.
THE CONGRESS SPLIT – THE RADICALS DENIED ENTRY INTO THE PARTY FOR 9 YEARS.

13. IMMEDIATE OBJECTIVES OF THE INDIAN NATIONAL CONGress
TO PROMOTE FRIENDSHIP AMONG ALL WORKERS IN THE COUNTRY.
DEVELOP NATIONAL UNITY.
WORK FOR ERADICATION OF RACIAL PREJUDICE.
POLITICALLY EDUCATE PEOPLE.
FORMULATE COMMON ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL DEMANDS TO REPRESENT BEFORE THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT.