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NAT 5 DESIGN Written Element

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1 NAT 5 DESIGN Written Element

2 Question Paper: Time Allocation
The overall marks allocation for the question paper has increased from 40 to 50 marks to reflect new content. The time allocated to the question paper has increased to 1 hour 30 minutes.

3 Design Studies: Content
In the optional image questions candidates can still expect to see: visual communication/graphics product design interior/environmental/architectural design jewellery fashion/textiles

4 You need to have a good overall knowledge about the DESIGN ISSUES
RESPONSE QUESTIONS You need to have a good overall knowledge about the DESIGN ISSUES

5 DESIGN ISSUES Answer in sentences
1. Describe what FUNCTION means in relation to a product. 2. Describe what ERGONOMICS means in relation to the design of a product. 3. Describe what the AESTHETICS of something is in the design of a product. 4. If a product is FIT FOR PURPOSE what does this mean in relation to the design of a product. 5. Describe what FORM/SHAPE and scale are in relation to the design of a product. 6. What type of MATERIALS could you use to make a product. 7. Who/What are the TARGET MARKET in relation to the designing of a product. 8. Describe what type of ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS a designer might consider in relation to the designing of a product. 9. Describe how a designer might consider DURABILITY when designing a product. 10. Give some examples of how a designer would consider HEALTH & SAFETY ISSUES in the designing of a product. 11. What would a designer need to consider in relation to COST when designing a product and why? 12. What type of MANUFACTURING PROCESSES would a designer need to consider in relation to the designing of a product. Name as many as you can.

6 ANSWERS 1. Describe what FUNCTION means in relation to a product.
Is it able to do what it is designed for?. 2. Describe what ERGONOMICS means in relation to the design of a product. Does it fit in well with the human body? 3. Describe what the AESTHETICS of something is in the design of a product. Is it bright, shiny, patterned etc.? 4. If a product is FIT FOR PURPOSE what does this mean in relation to the design of a product. Is it fit for what it was designed for chocolate fire guard) ? 5. Describe what FORM/SHAPE are in relation to the design of a product. Is it spherical, cubed, cylindrical, sculptural etc? 6. What type of MATERIALS could you use to make a product. Clay, wood, plastic etc etc etc ? 7. Who/What are the TARGET MARKET in relation to the designing of a product. Who would buy it? Teenagers, male/female, older people etc? 8. Describe what type of ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS a designer might consider in relation to the designing of a product. Recycled materials, e.g. some products are not bio degradable? 9. Describe why a designer might consider DURABILITY when designing a product. Is it durable, will it last long, would it break easily etc? 10. Give some examples of how a designer would consider HEALTH & SAFETY ISSUES in the designing of a product. Metal handles can easily burn you when they heat up, could something break and cut you? 11. What would a designer need to consider in relation to COST when designing a product and why. Would the materials make it too expensive, if it was hand made it would cost more time for labour? 12. What type of MANUFACTURING PROCESSES would a designer need to consider in relation to the designing of a product. Hand made, mass produced, ceramics get fired, soldering, fuel injected plastics,?

7 MANUFACTURING PROCESSES/TECHNIQUES
You should be aware of the following techniques that will give you a better all round understanding of the DESIGN PROCESS. Casting– Plaster, bronze- Molds can be re-usable Soldering- Metal, silver, gold, iron could be soldered with a torch to join it together, particularly in jewelry production Welding/Riveted- Iron would be welded with a blow torch or riveted to hold it together. Setting- Jewelry stones like diamonds, emeralds etc. Imaging- photo transfers/de-cals (for clay or shiny surfaces) Molding- Injection moulding in plastics and rubber, dip moulding (makes colour permanent and bright (right through the material) Forming- Making something into a specific sculptural shape or form Machining- Using electric saws, drills, band saws Die Cutting-Large sheets of plastics/acrylics/metals would be di cut from a flat sheet of material Laser cutter-Used for plastics, wood, sillicone (like rubber), acrylic (like plastic) Joinery-Joining, cutting, screwing wood together Sewing machine- Stitching, over locking, band knife cutting Kiln firing- Ceramics/slip, melting glass, glazing Mass production- A factory production line that produces hundreds or even thousands of the same product (making it cheaper and more accessible for people to buy) Hand made/one off production by a skilled crafts person/artist (unique/one off/expensive) Computer Aided Design-Computer drawings transferred to a plotter that draws onto sheets of material for it then to be cut out. Glazing- Applying glaze to a fired piece of clay to fire again. This makes the clay water tight and gives it a bright/bold/vibrant/shiny/glossy appearance.

8 N5 50 marks 12 questions, 6 in each section Command words: Select Comment on Explain Questions 1 and 7 are mandatory 15 marks each – total 30 marks The impact of social and cultural influences can be related to any of the work or practice of the selected artist/designer Breadth or depth can be demonstrated

9 N5 Questions have 3 prompts (8 marks) and an opinion (2 marks) All aspects of the question must be addressed to gain full marks In the optional questions, candidates must demonstrate knowledge and understanding in response to one selected artwork and one design from a specific design area Comments must be justified

10 1. Comment on this water bottle design. In your answer, refer to:
Plastic bottle with a Carbon Block Filter to remove water impurities Comment on this water bottle design. In your answer, refer to: Fitness for Purpose Materials Target Market What is your opinion of the style of this bottle? Give two reasons

11 2. Dyson Airblade dB Hand Dryer Comment on this hand dryer design.
Comment on this hand dryer design. In your answer, refer to: Fitness for Purpose Materials and/or Techniques Aesthetics How successful do you think this design is? Give two reasons

12 3. Stainless Steel Kettle 2006 Ichiro Iwasaki
Comment on this kettle design. In your answer, refer to: Fitness for Purpose Materials Style Who might buy this kettle? Give two reasons

13 4. Dyson DC35 Complete Cordless handheld vacuum with motorised head and carbon fibre filaments 2.2kg and 15 minutes runtime Comment on this design for a vacuum. In your answer, refer to: Fitness for Purpose Materials Target Market What is your opinion on the style of this vacuum? Give two reasons

14 5. Rocking Wheel Chair with attached light and padded seat. Seat is covered with cotton material. Comment on this chair design. In your answer, refer to: Scale Style Fitness for purpose Who do you think would be the target market for these chairs? Give two reasons

15 6. Hug Chair with padded ribbed seat that comes in a variety of colours Solid stainless steal base Gabriella Asztalos Comment on this chair design. In your answer, refer to: Target Market Style Fitness for purpose What is your opinion on the concept of this chair? Give two reasons

16 7. Folding Plug Materials: Brass, wire and plastic Min-Kyn Choi
Comment on the effectiveness of this design. In your answer, refer to: Materials Function Form In your opinion, how does this product compare to generic plugs used today? Give two reasons

17 8. Deltaphone; Trimphone 1965 Martyn Rowlands ABS Plastics
Comment on the effectiveness of this design. In your answer, refer to: Ergonomics Materials Form In your opinion, how does this product compare to phones used today? Give two reasons

18 9. Garden Egg Chair 1968 Peter Ghyczy
Portable, foldable chair made from bright coloured plastic laquer Designers achieve visual impact in different ways. Comment on the methods used by the designer to create this chair design. In your answer, refer to: Materials Sources of Inspiration Fitness for Purpose Who might be the target market for this chair design? Give two reasons

19 10. Electric Fan Heater 1934 Christian Barman Chrome Plated Metal
Function and style are important issues in the development of a design concept. Comment on this product design. In your answer, refer to: Style Materials Fitness for Purpose Who do you think is the target market for a design like this? Give two reasons

20 11. Holly All Philippe Starck design for Serralunga
Polyethylene seat/planter 200cm tall Designers have to combine form and function to solve design problems. Comment on this product design. In your answer, refer to: Function Style Target Market How does this design differ from other garden furniture designs? Give two reasons

21 12. Juicy Salif Philippe Starck design for Alessi
Classic aluminium silver Style and function are important when designing products. Comment on this juicer design. In your answer, refer to: Materials and/or Techniques Style Fitness for Purpose Who might be the target market for this piece? Give two reasons

22 13. Grating Bucket Stainless Steel
Grater with one closed end to catch gratings neatly Style and function are important when designing products. Comment on this grater design. In your answer, refer to: Fitness for purpose Style Target Audience What is your opinion of the effectiveness of this grater design? Give two reasons

23 14. Skerpa Design Stackable Watering Can Injection Moulded Plastic
Comment on this watering can design. In your answer, refer to: Fitness for Purpose Materials Colour What is your opinion of the style of this watering can? Give two reasons

24 15. Cradle 1861 Richard Norman Shaw
Curved and turned oak with inset painted panels and gilding. Throughout history, designers have created products which fulfil a particular function. Comment on the effectiveness of this design. In your answer, refer to: Decoration Fitness for Purpose Form In your opinion, how does this product compare to cradles used today? Give two reasons

25 16. Walking Ware Pottery 1974 Roger Michell Ceramics
Style and function are important when designing various products. Comment on this range of designs. In your answer, refer to: Style Target Audience Materials What is your opinion of the effectiveness of this range of pottery? Give two reasons

26 17. ‘Vertigo’ film poster designed by Saul Bass (1958)
The word Vertigo means: dizziness, light headedness With reference to the image above say how designers create impact and capture the imagination of the viewer. Describe the designer’s use of aesthetics and choice of imagery in this work; What does the designer communicate about the film? Give two reasons. 10

27 18. Sgt Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band album cover (1967)
by Sir Peter Blake and Jann Hawarth (cover dimensions 31x31 cm) With reference to the above image say how designers communicate ideas about the target market and the band. Describe the designers use of text, photography and colour in this work to make this an iconic design. In your opinion, how effective is this album cover? Give TW0 reasons

28 19. A M Cassandre, Nord Express, railway poster 1927
Comment on the designers’ use of the designer’s use of: Aesthetics choice of imagery Lettering In your opinion how successful is this poster design? Give TWO reasons. 10

29 Norde Express, railway poster analysis
In 1927, the company of "Wagons-Lits" asked A.M. Cassandre to realise two posters for their night trains, the "Nord Express" and the "Etoile du Nord". On this occasion Cassandre created a pair of avant-gardist posters which rapidly became cubist icons of the 20th Century. These two posters build on perspectives are united by the name of the Railway companies as a frame. On the "Nord Express" the observers viewpoint, situated on the same level as the railway tracks, together with the overwhelming proportions of the huge locomotive wheels, expresses all the power of the machine. Also, the very unusual vanishing point at the corner of the image and the bundle of telegraph cables tipped up to the vertical and subtly detached from the sky by the inversion of the background colours, heighten once more this impression of speed and distance. Constructed in this way, the image, without being too contrived, becomes more dynamic.With one glance, the onlooker understands the message and is invited to far away travel in security and comfort. One of the chef d'oeuvre of A.M cassandre, rare and hightly collectible

30 20. Wicked – poster for musical production (2003)
designed by Serino Coyne, Inc Comment on this design for a poster. In your answer, refer to: Imagery Lettering Colour In your opinion, how effective is this design? Give two reasons. 10

31 21. Bring in ’Da Noise Bring in ’Da Funk poster (1995) designed by Paula Scher Comment on this poster design, referring to: • imagery • lettering • layout. What is your opinion on who might be the target audience for this poster? Give two justified reasons

32 22. The Hunterston Brooch (c.700 AD) by an unknown designer
materials: silver and gold with semi-precious stones (now missing) Comment on this brooch design, referring to: • decoration • materials and/or techniques • function. What is your opinion on how well the designer has created visual impact? Give two justified reasons

33 YOUR ESSAY QUESTION

34 23. Marks Identify two designs by different designers you have studied who have worked in the same design area. (a) With reference to these two selected designs, comment on: visual impact fitness for purpose target market/audience Which of these two designs is the most successful? Give two justified reasons. 10 (b) Select one designer from part (a) Explain the impact of social, cultural and/or other influences on any of their work and practice. 5

35 24. Designers show creativity in their approach to developing designs. Identify two designs by different designers that you have studied who have worked in the same design area. Compare the designs in terms of: Fitness for purpose Style Materials and/or techniques. Which of the two designs do you find most appealing? Give two reasons (b) Select one designer from part (a) Explain the impact of social, cultural and/or other influences on any of their work and practice. 5

36 25. Designers show creativity in their approach to developing designs. Identify two designs by different designers that you have studied who have worked in the same design area. Compare both designs in terms of: Function Ergonomics Materials and/or Techniques Which of the two designs is most creative? Give two reasons (b) Select one designer from part (a) Explain the impact of social, cultural and/or other influences on any of their work and practice. 5

37 26. Designers show creativity in their approach to developing designs. Identify two designs by different designers that you have studied who have worked in the same design area. Compare both designs in terms of: Fitness for Purpose Style Materials and Techniques Which of the two designs do you find most appealing? Give two reasons (b) Select one designer from part (a) Explain the impact of social, cultural and/or other influences on any of their work and practice. 5

38 27. Designers have to show creativity in their approach to developing designs. Identify two designs by different designers that you have studied who have worked in the same design area. With reference to these works in your answer compare both designs in terms of: Function Materials and/or Techniques Visual Impact Which of the two designs is most effective? Give two reasons for your answer (b) Select one designer from part (a) Explain the impact of social, cultural and/or other influences on any of their work and practice. 5

39 28. Designers have to show creativity in their approach to developing designs. Identify two designs by different designers that you have studied who have worked in the same design area. With reference to these works in your answer compare both designs in terms of: Influences/ Sources of Inspiration Target Market Manufacturing processes/techniques Which of the two designs is the most suitable for its purpose? Give two reasons for your answer (b) Select one designer from part (a) Explain the impact of social, cultural and/or other influences on any of their work and practice. 5

40 ORGANIC/NATURAL (Art Nouveau) WORD BANK
This word bank will be good to use with designers like Eilleen Braun, Bonnie Seeman and Kate Malone or any others who are inspired by things that are natural/organic. Wavy Floral Plant-inspired motifs Flowing curvilinear forms Curved Curvy Whiplash curves Characteristic curves Decorative Motifs Stems Oval Abstract Tree bark Veins Random Amazing Blended Blurred Elaborate Elegant Exaggerated Expressive Long Fine Dynamic Bendy Bending Flowing lines Rhythm Floral Organic forms Mosaic Natural Gold Wood Grainy Rough Pimpled Spotted Dimpled Wrought iron Dazzling colours Natural shapes  Repeat pattern Random pattern Imaginative Jaggy Matt Soft Stippled Shapely Smooth Surreal Textural Tonal Ugly Grotesque Uneven Unreal Vivid Warm Wavy Glamorous Glossy Harmonious Complimentary Loose Mysterious Ornate Realistic Shapeless Frail

41 SIMPLISTIC (Bauhaus) WORD BANK
This will also help you with contemporary designs that look smooth, geometric and simple. Simple Sleek Shiny Elegant Efficient Practical Modern Functional Curved Tubular Stainless steel Leather Angular Flat Chrome Straight lines Sharp Square Geometric forms Right angles Smooth surfaces Horizontal Vertical Circles Squares Triangles Slim Straight edges Smooth Slim forms Balanced Beautiful Bright Calm Clean Classy Charming Cold Curvy Dark Diagonal Elegant Exaggerated Exact Expensive Fashionable Flair Formal Futuristic Gentle Glamorous Glisten Glossy Graceful Hard edged Harmonious Icy Linear Lines Oval Long Massive Metallic Monumental Negative Neutral Naïve Opaque Ordinary Order Plain Pleasant Precise Reflective

42 GRAPHIC DESIGN ISSUES FUNCTION/FIT FOR PURPOSE (Advertising/does it get the message across to the viewer) AESTHETICS (visual elements) TYPOGRAPHY (Is it bold, elegant, italics, serif/sans serif) IMAGERY (symbolic/political/religious/controversial) PHOTOGRAPHIC/ILLUSTRATION (either or would give a certain feel to the piece of design) TARGET MARKET (who would the piece of graphic design be aimed at) MANUFACTURING PROCESS (screen print/digital) MATERIALS (paper/gloss paper/pvc/metal/matt or shiny)

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