1. NAT 5 DESIGN Written Element

2. Question Paper: Time Allocation
The overall marks allocation for the question paper has increased from 40 to 50 marks to reflect new content.
The time allocated to the question paper has increased to 1 hour 30 minutes.

3. Design Studies: Content
In the optional image questions candidates can still expect to see:
visual communication/graphics
product design
interior/environmental/architectural design
jewellery
fashion/textiles

4. You need to have a good overall knowledge about the DESIGN ISSUES
RESPONSE QUESTIONS
You need to have a good overall knowledge about the DESIGN ISSUES

5. DESIGN ISSUES Answer in sentences
1. Describe what FUNCTION means in relation to a product.
2. Describe what ERGONOMICS means in relation to the design of a product.
3. Describe what the AESTHETICS of something is in the design of a product.
4. If a product is FIT FOR PURPOSE what does this mean in relation to the design of a product.
5. Describe what FORM/SHAPE and scale are in relation to the design of a product.
6. What type of MATERIALS could you use to make a product.
7. Who/What are the TARGET MARKET in relation to the designing of a product.
8. Describe what type of ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS a designer might consider in relation to the designing of a product.
9. Describe how a designer might consider DURABILITY when designing a product.
10. Give some examples of how a designer would consider HEALTH & SAFETY ISSUES in the designing of a product.
11. What would a designer need to consider in relation to COST when designing a product and why?
12. What type of MANUFACTURING PROCESSES would a designer need to consider in relation to the designing of a product. Name as many as you can.

6. ANSWERS 1. Describe what FUNCTION means in relation to a product.
Is it able to do what it is designed for?.
2. Describe what ERGONOMICS means in relation to the design of a product.
Does it fit in well with the human body?
3. Describe what the AESTHETICS of something is in the design of a product.
Is it bright, shiny, patterned etc.?
4. If a product is FIT FOR PURPOSE what does this mean in relation to the design of a product.
Is it fit for what it was designed for chocolate fire guard) ?
5. Describe what FORM/SHAPE are in relation to the design of a product.
Is it spherical, cubed, cylindrical, sculptural etc?
6. What type of MATERIALS could you use to make a product.
Clay, wood, plastic etc etc etc ?
7. Who/What are the TARGET MARKET in relation to the designing of a product.
Who would buy it? Teenagers, male/female, older people etc?
8. Describe what type of ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS a designer might consider in relation to the designing of a product.
Recycled materials, e.g. some products are not bio degradable?
9. Describe why a designer might consider DURABILITY when designing a product.
Is it durable, will it last long, would it break easily etc?
10. Give some examples of how a designer would consider HEALTH & SAFETY ISSUES in the designing of a product.
Metal handles can easily burn you when they heat up, could something break and cut you?
11. What would a designer need to consider in relation to COST when designing a product and why.
Would the materials make it too expensive, if it was hand made it would cost more time for labour?
12. What type of MANUFACTURING PROCESSES would a designer need to consider in relation to the designing of a product.
Hand made, mass produced, ceramics get fired, soldering, fuel injected plastics,?

7. MANUFACTURING PROCESSES/TECHNIQUES
You should be aware of the following techniques that will give you a better all round understanding of the DESIGN PROCESS.
Casting– Plaster, bronze- Molds can be re-usable
Soldering- Metal, silver, gold, iron could be soldered with a torch to join it together, particularly in jewelry production
Welding/Riveted- Iron would be welded with a blow torch or riveted to hold it together.
Setting- Jewelry stones like diamonds, emeralds etc.
Imaging- photo transfers/de-cals (for clay or shiny surfaces)
Molding- Injection moulding in plastics and rubber, dip moulding (makes colour permanent and bright (right through the material)
Forming- Making something into a specific sculptural shape or form
Machining- Using electric saws, drills, band saws
Die Cutting-Large sheets of plastics/acrylics/metals would be di cut from a flat sheet of material
Laser cutter-Used for plastics, wood, sillicone (like rubber), acrylic (like plastic)
Joinery-Joining, cutting, screwing wood together
Sewing machine- Stitching, over locking, band knife cutting
Kiln firing- Ceramics/slip, melting glass, glazing
Mass production- A factory production line that produces hundreds or even thousands of the same product (making it cheaper and more accessible for people to buy)
Hand made/one off production by a skilled crafts person/artist (unique/one off/expensive)
Computer Aided Design-Computer drawings transferred to a plotter that draws onto sheets of material for it then to be cut out.
Glazing- Applying glaze to a fired piece of clay to fire again. This makes the clay water tight and gives it a bright/bold/vibrant/shiny/glossy appearance.

8. N5
50 marks
12 questions, 6 in each section
Command words:
Select
Comment on
Explain
Questions 1 and 7 are mandatory
15 marks each – total 30 marks
The impact of social and cultural influences can be related to any of the work or practice of the selected artist/designer
Breadth or depth can be demonstrated

9. N5
Questions have 3 prompts (8 marks) and an opinion (2 marks)
All aspects of the question must be addressed to gain full marks
In the optional questions, candidates must demonstrate knowledge and understanding in response to one selected artwork and one design from a specific design area
Comments must be justified

10. 1. Comment on this water bottle design. In your answer, refer to:
Plastic bottle with a Carbon Block Filter to remove water impurities
Comment on this water bottle design. In your answer, refer to:
Fitness for Purpose
Materials
Target Market
What is your opinion of the style of this bottle? Give two reasons

11. 2. Dyson Airblade dB Hand Dryer Comment on this hand dryer design.
Comment on this hand dryer design.
In your answer, refer to:
Fitness for Purpose
Materials and/or Techniques
Aesthetics
How successful do you think this design is? Give two reasons

12. 3. Stainless Steel Kettle 2006 Ichiro Iwasaki
Comment on this kettle design. In your answer, refer to:
Fitness for Purpose
Materials
Style
Who might buy this kettle? Give two reasons

13. 4.
Dyson DC35 Complete
Cordless handheld vacuum with motorised head and carbon fibre filaments
2.2kg and 15 minutes runtime
Comment on this design for a vacuum. In your answer, refer to:
Fitness for Purpose
Materials
Target Market
What is your opinion on the style of this vacuum? Give two reasons

14. 5.
Rocking Wheel Chair with attached light and padded seat. Seat is covered with cotton material.
Comment on this chair design. In your answer, refer to:
Scale
Style
Fitness for purpose
Who do you think would be the target market for these chairs? Give two reasons

15. 6.
Hug Chair with padded ribbed seat that comes in a variety of colours
Solid stainless steal base
Gabriella Asztalos
Comment on this chair design. In your answer, refer to:
Target Market
Style
Fitness for purpose
What is your opinion on the concept of this chair? Give two reasons

16. 7. Folding Plug Materials: Brass, wire and plastic Min-Kyn Choi
Comment on the effectiveness of this design. In your answer, refer to:
Materials
Function
Form
In your opinion, how does this product compare to generic plugs used today?
Give two reasons

17. 8. Deltaphone; Trimphone 1965 Martyn Rowlands ABS Plastics
Comment on the effectiveness of this design. In your answer, refer to:
Ergonomics
Materials
Form
In your opinion, how does this product compare to phones used today? Give two reasons

18. 9. Garden Egg Chair 1968 Peter Ghyczy
Portable, foldable chair made from bright coloured plastic laquer
Designers achieve visual impact in different ways. Comment on the methods used by the designer to create this chair design. In your answer, refer to:
Materials
Sources of Inspiration
Fitness for Purpose
Who might be the target market for this chair design? Give two reasons

19. 10. Electric Fan Heater 1934 Christian Barman Chrome Plated Metal
Function and style are important issues in the development of a design concept. Comment on this product design. In your answer, refer to:
Style
Materials
Fitness for Purpose
Who do you think is the target market for a design like this? Give two reasons

20. 11. Holly All Philippe Starck design for Serralunga
Polyethylene seat/planter 200cm tall
Designers have to combine form and function to solve design problems. Comment on this product design. In your answer, refer to:
Function
Style
Target Market
How does this design differ from other garden furniture designs? Give two reasons

21. 12. Juicy Salif Philippe Starck design for Alessi
Classic aluminium silver
Style and function are important when designing products. Comment on this juicer design. In your answer, refer to:
Materials and/or Techniques
Style
Fitness for Purpose
Who might be the target market for this piece? Give two reasons

22. 13. Grating Bucket Stainless Steel
Grater with one closed end to catch gratings neatly
Style and function are important when designing products. Comment on this grater design. In your answer, refer to:
Fitness for purpose
Style
Target Audience
What is your opinion of the effectiveness of this grater design? Give two reasons

23. 14. Skerpa Design Stackable Watering Can Injection Moulded Plastic
Comment on this watering can design. In your answer, refer to:
Fitness for Purpose
Materials
Colour
What is your opinion of the style of this watering can? Give two reasons

24. 15. Cradle 1861 Richard Norman Shaw
Curved and turned oak with inset painted panels and gilding.
Throughout history, designers have created products which fulfil a particular function. Comment on the effectiveness of this design. In your answer, refer to:
Decoration
Fitness for Purpose
Form
In your opinion, how does this product compare to cradles used today? Give two reasons

25. 16. Walking Ware Pottery 1974 Roger Michell Ceramics
Style and function are important when designing various products. Comment on this range of designs. In your answer, refer to:
Style
Target Audience
Materials
What is your opinion of the effectiveness of this range of pottery? Give two reasons

26. 17. ‘Vertigo’ film poster designed by Saul Bass (1958)
The word Vertigo means: dizziness, light headedness
With reference to the image above say how designers create impact and capture the imagination of the viewer.
Describe the designer’s use of aesthetics and choice of imagery in this work;
What does the designer communicate about the film? Give two reasons. 10

27. 18. Sgt Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band album cover (1967)
by Sir Peter Blake and Jann Hawarth (cover dimensions 31x31 cm)
With reference to the above image say how designers communicate ideas about the target market and the band.
Describe the designers use of text, photography and colour in this work to make this an iconic design.
In your opinion, how effective is this album cover? Give TW0 reasons

28. 19. A M Cassandre, Nord Express, railway poster 1927
Comment on the designers’ use of the designer’s use of:
Aesthetics
choice of imagery
Lettering
In your opinion how successful is this poster design? Give TWO reasons. 10

29. Norde Express, railway poster analysis
In 1927, the company of "Wagons-Lits" asked A.M. Cassandre to realise two posters for their night trains, the "Nord Express" and the "Etoile du Nord". On this occasion Cassandre created a pair of avant-gardist posters which rapidly became cubist icons of the 20th Century. These two posters build on perspectives are united by the name of the Railway companies as a frame. On the "Nord Express" the observers viewpoint, situated on the same level as the railway tracks, together with the overwhelming proportions of the huge locomotive wheels, expresses all the power of the machine. Also, the very unusual vanishing point at the corner of the image and the bundle of telegraph cables tipped up to the vertical and subtly detached from the sky by the inversion of the background colours, heighten once more this impression of speed and distance. Constructed in this way, the image, without being too contrived, becomes more dynamic.With one glance, the onlooker understands the message and is invited to far away travel in security and comfort. One of the chef d'oeuvre of A.M cassandre, rare and hightly collectible

30. 20. Wicked – poster for musical production (2003)
designed by Serino Coyne, Inc
Comment on this design for a poster. In your answer, refer to:
Imagery
Lettering
Colour
In your opinion, how effective is this design? Give two reasons. 10

31. 21.
Bring in ’Da Noise Bring in ’Da Funk poster (1995) designed by Paula Scher
Comment on this poster design, referring to:
• imagery
• lettering
• layout.
What is your opinion on who might be the target audience for this poster?
Give two justified reasons

32. 22. The Hunterston Brooch (c.700 AD) by an unknown designer
materials: silver and gold with semi-precious stones (now missing)
Comment on this brooch design, referring to:
• decoration
• materials and/or techniques
• function.
What is your opinion on how well the designer has created visual impact?
Give two justified reasons

33. YOUR ESSAY QUESTION

34. 23.
Marks
Identify two designs by different designers you have studied who have worked in the same design area.
(a)
With reference to these two selected designs, comment on:
visual impact
fitness for purpose
target market/audience
Which of these two designs is the most successful? Give two justified reasons. 10
(b)
Select one designer from part (a)
Explain the impact of social, cultural and/or other influences on any of their work and practice. 5

35. 24.
Designers show creativity in their approach to developing designs. Identify two designs by different designers that you have studied who have worked in the same design area.
Compare the designs in terms of:
Fitness for purpose
Style
Materials and/or techniques.
Which of the two designs do you find most appealing? Give two reasons
(b)
Select one designer from part (a)
Explain the impact of social, cultural and/or other influences on any of their work and practice. 5

36. 25.
Designers show creativity in their approach to developing designs. Identify two designs by different designers that you have studied who have worked in the same design area.
Compare both designs in terms of:
Function
Ergonomics
Materials and/or Techniques
Which of the two designs is most creative? Give two reasons
(b)
Select one designer from part (a)
Explain the impact of social, cultural and/or other influences on any of their work and practice. 5

37. 26.
Designers show creativity in their approach to developing designs. Identify two designs by different designers that you have studied who have worked in the same design area.
Compare both designs in terms of:
Fitness for Purpose
Style
Materials and Techniques
Which of the two designs do you find most appealing? Give two reasons
(b)
Select one designer from part (a)
Explain the impact of social, cultural and/or other influences on any of their work and practice. 5

38. 27.
Designers have to show creativity in their approach to developing designs. Identify two designs by different designers that you have studied who have worked in the same design area.
With reference to these works in your answer compare both designs in terms of:
Function
Materials and/or Techniques
Visual Impact
Which of the two designs is most effective? Give two reasons for your answer
(b)
Select one designer from part (a)
Explain the impact of social, cultural and/or other influences on any of their work and practice. 5

39. 28.
Designers have to show creativity in their approach to developing designs. Identify two designs by different designers that you have studied who have worked in the same design area.
With reference to these works in your answer compare both designs in terms of:
Influences/ Sources of Inspiration
Target Market
Manufacturing processes/techniques
Which of the two designs is the most suitable for its purpose? Give two reasons for your answer
(b)
Select one designer from part (a)
Explain the impact of social, cultural and/or other influences on any of their work and practice. 5

40. ORGANIC/NATURAL (Art Nouveau) WORD BANK
This word bank will be good to use with designers like
Eilleen Braun, Bonnie Seeman and Kate Malone or any others who are inspired by things that are natural/organic.
Wavy
Floral
Plant-inspired motifs
Flowing curvilinear forms
Curved
Curvy
Whiplash curves
Characteristic curves
Decorative
Motifs
Stems
Oval
Abstract
Tree bark
Veins
Random
Amazing
Blended
Blurred
Elaborate
Elegant
Exaggerated
Expressive
Long
Fine
Dynamic
Bendy
Bending
Flowing lines
Rhythm
Floral
Organic forms
Mosaic
Natural
Gold
Wood
Grainy
Rough
Pimpled
Spotted
Dimpled
Wrought iron
Dazzling colours
Natural shapes 
Repeat pattern
Random pattern
Imaginative
Jaggy
Matt
Soft
Stippled
Shapely
Smooth
Surreal
Textural
Tonal
Ugly
Grotesque
Uneven
Unreal
Vivid
Warm
Wavy
Glamorous
Glossy
Harmonious
Complimentary
Loose
Mysterious
Ornate
Realistic
Shapeless
Frail

41. SIMPLISTIC (Bauhaus) WORD BANK
This will also help you with contemporary designs that look smooth,
geometric and simple.
Simple
Sleek
Shiny
Elegant
Efficient
Practical
Modern
Functional
Curved
Tubular
Stainless steel
Leather
Angular
Flat
Chrome
Straight lines
Sharp
Square
Geometric forms
Right angles
Smooth surfaces
Horizontal
Vertical
Circles
Squares
Triangles
Slim
Straight edges
Smooth
Slim forms
Balanced
Beautiful
Bright
Calm
Clean
Classy
Charming
Cold
Curvy
Dark
Diagonal
Elegant
Exaggerated
Exact
Expensive
Fashionable
Flair
Formal
Futuristic
Gentle
Glamorous
Glisten
Glossy
Graceful
Hard edged
Harmonious
Icy
Linear
Lines
Oval
Long
Massive
Metallic
Monumental
Negative
Neutral
Naïve
Opaque
Ordinary
Order
Plain
Pleasant
Precise
Reflective

42. GRAPHIC DESIGN ISSUES
FUNCTION/FIT FOR PURPOSE (Advertising/does it get the message across to the viewer)
AESTHETICS (visual elements)
TYPOGRAPHY (Is it bold, elegant, italics, serif/sans serif)
IMAGERY (symbolic/political/religious/controversial)
PHOTOGRAPHIC/ILLUSTRATION (either or would give a certain feel to the piece of design)
TARGET MARKET (who would the piece of graphic design be aimed at)
MANUFACTURING PROCESS (screen print/digital)
MATERIALS (paper/gloss paper/pvc/metal/matt or shiny)