1. Chapter 4 Adel M. Awadallah Islamic University of Gaza
Organic chemistry for medicine and biology students
Chem 2311
Chapter 4
Aromatic Compounds
By Prof. Dr.
Adel M. Awadallah
Islamic University of Gaza

2. Hydrocarbons (contain only carbon and hydrogen)
Aromatic Compounds
Hydrocarbons (contain only carbon and hydrogen)
Saturated: (Contain only single bonds)
Alkanes (CnH2N + 2 )
Cycloalkanes (CnH2N )
b) Unsaturated: contain
Alkenes: double bonds (,,,CnH2N)
Alkynes: triple bonds ((CnH2N - 2)
Aromatic: benzene like compounds

3. Facts about double and triple bonds

4. Structure of Benzene
Benzene is the parent of a class of especially stable compounds called aromatic compounds. It was first isolated by Faraday in 1825 from compressed illuminating gas
Different structures were suggested for benzene (C6H6). The regular conjugated hexagon structure was suggested by Kekuli` in 1865

6. Orbital Model for Benzene

7. Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds

8. Disubstituted Benzene

9. Assigning Priority
Halogens < alkanes < alkenes < amines < OH < ketone < aldehyde < acid < ester
Examples

10. Aromatic Compounds in Nature and Health

19. How can you prepare the following compound? Starting from benzene

20. Polycyclic aromatic compounds cigarettes

21. C60, An aromatic sphere
The Fullerenes