1. Broadband to Underserved Areas,
Access to Broadband “Universal Service Opportunities and Challenges” 4-6 March, 2005 Jolie Ville Movenpick Hotel, Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt
Broadband to Underserved Areas,
a Target or an Enabler?
« IP Strategies and advanced visions to optimize network services/applications» by
Désiré Karyabwite, Eng. EPF - CH
The views expressed in this paper are those of the author and may not necessarily reflect the opinions of the ITU or its membership.

2. Table of Contents
PART I : Telecom Infrastructure and Broadband – Enabler
Introduction
Challenges of Change: Broadband and universal service
e-Gov and Network Security: Creating trust in Critical network infrastructures!
Conclusions
5. Policy and Strategies
PART II E-Gov Services/Applications in Underserved Areas
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3. PART I : Telecom Infrastructure and Broadband Enabler
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4. 1. Introduction Definition: Telecommunication
Reference made to the ITU Constitution, the Convention and the Administrative Regulations of the ITU
“Telecommunication: Any transmission, emission or reception of signs, signals, writing, images and sounds or intelligence of any nature by wire, radio, optical or other electromagnetic systems” (CS/An page 52)
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5. Defining Convergence Radio,TV Telephone Computer 90’s
TV, digital TV & Cinema
Digital Phone
Internet
90’s
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6. Convergence: Transport of Voice, video and Data on IP-based Networks (ITU PP, res 101 and Prog.3/WTDC 2002, Priority number one).
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7. Broadband Broadband brings convergence, and convergence brings change
... IP Telephony, e-gov, etc.
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8. …Can TV companies provide Telephony?
…Can Telecommunication companies provide TV services?
Source: ITU, Telecommunication Regulatory Survey, 2000 (Data includes all Member States that responded to the survey)
…Competition
…Broadband Wireless Access
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9. Technology & application interaction
V.34
V.90
DSL, Cable, PLC
Fiber, PLC
Audio/Video Streaming
Multichannel
Broadcast TV
MP3
WWW
, Chat, SMS
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10. per streaming application
time
Application
usage
Bandwidth required
per streaming application
Compression
techniques
More applications
per household
(audio streaming,
video streaming, …)
Bandwidth requirements
20Mbps
5Mbps
2Mbps
1992
1996
2000
2002
1Mbps
MPEG2
MPEG4
Bandwidth
MPEG Layer 4 or DivX. - ISO/IEC :1999 : "Information technology -- Coding of audio-visual objects”
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11. IP-based Network Topology
2. Challenges of Change:
Broadband and universal service/Access
IP-based Network Topology
TE : Terminal Equipment
PC : Personal Computer
TEL: Telephone
CPN: Customer Premises Network
RP : Reference Point
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12. Class 1 (0 to 150 ms for really time com) Tel. Com
Open standard : DVB-RCS (Digital Video Broadcast - Return Channel System) (up to 8 Mbps downstream and up to 2 Mbps upstream or ….).
Class 1 (0 to 150 ms for really time com) Tel. Com
Class 2 (150 to 300 ms) bi-directional not really time
Class 3 (300 to 700 ms) half-duplex
Class 4 (> 700 ms) mil radio …
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13. Enabling QoS PSTN (E.164) IP Network H.323, H.248 (SS7/SIP) Gatekeeper
GSM / 3G /4G
(E.164….)
PSTN (E.164)
H.323, H.248 (SS7/SIP)
Gatway
H.323, H.248
(SS7/SIP)
Gatekeeper
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14. Congestion Scenario: TCP Traffic + VoIP
Instantaneous
Interface
Congestion
Core
Typical 4:1
Data Over-
Subscription
Distribution
Typical 20:1
Data Over-
Subscription
Access
= Data
= Voice
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15. Interconnection
The Internet dial-up model involves three different players:
The Local Loop Operator or ILEC (Incumbent Local Exchange Carrier) that interconnects the end user;
The Long Distance Operator or OLO (Other Licensed Operator) that collects and conveys the Internet traffic on a National basis;
ISP (Internet service provider) where the traffic is delivered by the OLO; ISP are usually located in one of the main cities of the country (often the capital)
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16. Interconnecting via third party operated Internet Exchange Point
Interconnections are the Key issues on Internet
Interconnecting via third party operated Internet Exchange Point
ISP 1
ISP 2 IX
Direct connection
ISP 4
ISP 3
Economy of scale advantages through interconnection over an IX:
cost for maintenance and administration
cost for equipment
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17. Two different types of interconnections; peering and transit.
is an interconnection business relationship whereby ISPs provide
connectivity to each others´customers
Transit:
From an ASP (Access Service Provider) to ISPs. The Internet business in most Countries is mainly based on transit bandwidth...
It is the business relationship whereby one ISP provides (usually sells)
access to all destinations in its routing table.
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18. Peering has emerged as one of the important and effective ways
for ISPs to improve and optimize the network efficiency .
ISP seek peering relationships with their competitors primarily for two
reasons:
to minimize transit costs. Peering decreases the cost and reliance on purchased Internet transit.
to avoid a transit provider hop in between.
This will lead to:
Access Customers will recognize a better quality of their Internet connection.
Opportunity to develop national Internet content and services that are dependant on low latency:
Sell access to Content Providers
E-commerce, E-banking, M-Commerce etc
Develop own services to strengthen the value of the network
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19. Topology: solutions when designing an IXP
There are some different solutions when designing an IXP
Layer 2 solutions:
Switch as central traffic relaying device
Layer 3 solutions:
Router as central traffic relaying device
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20. Advantages: The ISPs/e-Gov control the traffic
Layer 2 Solutions
Advantages:
The ISPs/e-Gov control the traffic
Cheap for the IXP operator/e-Gov
Scalable
Etc.
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21. Layer 3 Solutions Advantages: The ISPs control the traffic
Cheap for the ISPs
Etc
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22. Business agreement between two ISPs and has
actually nothing to do with the IX.
Transit is a non-core business for an IXP/E-Gov.
The objective is to keep the local traffic local.
Internet
ISP 1
ISP 2 IX
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23. Interconnection: DVB-OBP
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24. IP Connectivity and PLC (Power Line Communication)
Low Voltage Network
Transformer Station
(HV/MV)
( /10-30KV)
Transformer (MV/LV)
(10-30KV/ KV)
up to 45 Mbps
up to 4.5 Mbps
Fiber Backbone
Medium Voltage Cable
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25. 3G Mobile Services and Applications
Period
Major Technology Introduction
New Internal/External Applications
Up to 2000
2 G
·         Telephone
·        
·         SMS
·         Digital Text Delivery
2001 to 2002
2.5 G
·         Mobile Banking
·         Voic
·         Web
·         Mobile Audio Player
·         Digital Newspaper Publishing
·         Digital Audio Delivery
·         Mobile Radio
·         Karaoke
·         Push Marketing/ Targeted programs
·         Location-based services
·         Mobile coupons
2003 and beyond
3 G
·         Mobile videoconferencing
·         Video Phone/Mail
·         Remote Medical Diagnosis
·         Remote Education
·         Mobile TV/Video Player
·         Advanced Car Navigation/ City Guides
·         Digital Catalog Shopping
·         Digital Audio/Video Delivery
·         Collaborative B2B Applications
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26. Estimated cost of GSM and 3G/UMTS networks
Source: Gartner Dataquest
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27. 3. E-Gov and Network Security: Creating trust in Critical network infrastructures
“On the Internet, nobody
knows you’re a dog…”
Danger can come from almost anywhere…
Security concerns in the use of public networks (e.g. the Internet) is another handicap in providing some value-added services. This results in the use of expensive private networks for critical services that can only be afforded by large enterprises. For service affordability and their widespread use, security and trust should be part of infrastructure and e-gov services development
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29. SPAMS & Phishing
What is Phishing?
Phishing attacks use 'spoofed' s and fraudulent websites designed to fool recipients into divulging personal financial data such as credit card numbers, account usernames and passwords, social security numbers, etc.
By hijacking the trusted brands of well-known banks, online retailers and credit card companies, phishers are able to convince up to 5% of recipients to respond to them. Source Anti-Phishing Working Group
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30. 5. Conclusions
No doubt that Convergence/broadband access becomes a commodity service:
30% of households by 2005
70% of households by 2010
Still some uncertainties :
Related to home environment
Content delivery model
Technological advances in terminals & access will make broadband access an affordable service for 70% of the population before 2010
E-Gov and Security:
A big Challenge !!!! $$$$$$$$
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31. How can you accelerate e-gov ?
What will the challenges (technical, regulatory, policy, business models, etc.) be during the e-gov transitional period?
What can you advise as regards investment policies (when, how much, where)?
How can you accelerate e-gov ?
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32. PART II E-Gov Services/Applications in Underserved Areas
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33. Governing Law and Dispute Resolution
5. Policy and Strategies
Best practices for DNS and IP addresses Management (all e-Gov resources)
Governing Law and Dispute Resolution
Clear responsibilities E-Gov / IXP/ Member Responsibilites
Clear policy
Fees
Clear National e-gov Strategies
Clear business Strategies (for each service/application)
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34. IP based Network COSTA RICA
IP Network Covering the territory of the country
100’000 customers (IP penetration : 0.4 per habitant)
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35. Burkina Faso : E-Government Project
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36. The decision to be made is on having Bi-lateral or
Multi-lateral peering agreements to rule over the traffic exchange over the IX:
Multi-lateral peering agreement implies that all connected ISPs must peer with all other ISPs connected to the IX, on the same conditions.
Bi-lateral leaves it to the ISP to decide with whom to peer and on what conditions, but they must have peering agreements with at least two if they want to use the IX for e-gov.
Procedures
Joining
Termination
Payment of fees
Documents
Policy of IXP
Connection agreement
Service definition
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37. Thank you for your Attention
For more details:
Désiré KARYABWITE  
IP Coordinator,
E-Strategy Unit,
Tel: Fax:
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