1. ELEC 5200-001/6200-001 Computer Architecture and Design Fall 2014 Introduction
Vishwani D. Agrawal
James J. Danaher Professor
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849
Fall 2014, Aug 18
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2. Course Webpage
Or,
Go to professor’s webpage
Click on ELEC / Computer Architecture and Design, MWF 11AM, Broun 235.
Fall 2014, Aug 18
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3. Course Organization
Text book: D. A. Patterson and J. L. Hennessy, Computer Organization & Design, the Hardware/Software Interface, Fifth Edition, Morgan Kaufman (Elsevier), 2014, ISBN
Instructor: Vishwani D. Agrawal, Broun 323, x41853,
Graduate Assistant: George Conover, Broun 357, consulting hours MW 1:00-2:00PM.
Classroom: Broun 235, MWF 11:00-11:50AM.
Lab: Broun 320.
Fall 2014, Aug 18
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4. Author of the Text Book
Q&A: RISC and Reward, Communications of the ACM,
Volume 57, No. 3, pp. March 2014, pages 112 and 111.
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5. Author of the Text Book Fall 2014, Aug 18
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6. Student Performance Evaluation
Homework (25%): 1 per week, most weeks.
Two Class Tests (25%):
Test 1, Friday, Sep 12, 11:00-11:50AM, Broun 235.
Test 2, Wednesday, Oct 22, 11:00-11:50AM, Broun 235.
CPU Design Project (25%).
Final Exam (25%): Monday, Dec 12, 2014, 12:00 – 2:30PM, Broun 235.
Class Presentation, if time permits, on assigned topic by ELEC6200 Students; “Satisfactory” grade necessary; attendance necessary for ELEC5200 students.
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7. Course Objective
Learn what a digital computer contains and how it works.
Learn design concepts of a modern computer.
Gain design experience (through project).
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8. The Concept of a Computer
Application software
Systems software
User
Hardware
Operating system
compiler
assembler
Programs user
writes and runs
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9. Software Compiler Assembler See pages 122-123 Application software,
a program in C:
swap (int v[ ], int k)
{int temp;
temp = v[k];
v[k] = v[k+1];
v[k+1] = temp; }
MIPS compiler output,
assembly language program:
swap;
muli $2, $5, 4
add $2, $4, $2
lw $15, 0 ($2)
lw $16, 4 ($2)
sw $16, 0 ($2)
sw $15, 4 ($2)
jr $31
MIPS binary machine code:
Application software
Systems software
See pages
Hardware
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10. The Hardware of a Computer
Input
Control
Datapath
Memory
Central Processing
Unit (CPU)
or “processor”
Output
Application software
Systems software
Hardware
FIVE EASY PIECES
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11. Instruction Set Architecture (ISA)
A set of assembly language instructions (ISA) provides a link between software and hardware.
Given an instruction set, software programmers and hardware engineers work more or less independently.
ISA is designed to extract the most performance out of the available hardware technology.
Application software
Systems software
Instruction
set
Software
Hardware
Hardware
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12. ISA
Defines registers
Defines data transfer modes between registers, memory and I/O
Types of ISA: RISC, CISC, VLIW, Superscalar
Examples:
IBM370/X86/Pentium/K6 (CISC)
PowerPC (Superscalar)
Alpha (Superscalar)
MIPS (RISC and Superscalar)
Sparc (RISC), UltraSparc (Superscalar)
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13. Computer Architecture
Architecture: System attributes that have a direct impact on the logical execution of a program
Architecture is visible to a programmer:
Instruction set
Data representation
I/O mechanisms
Memory addressing
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14. Computer Organization
Organization: Physical details that are transparent to a programmer, such as
Hardware implementation of an instruction
Control signals
Memory technology used
Example: System/370 architecture has been used in many IBM computers, which widely differ in their organization.
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15. Architecture and Organization
ISA
Hardware
Engineers
Software
Programmers
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16. CPU Design Project Design and implementation of a processor:
Define instruction set
Design datapath and control hardware
Implement hardware in FPGA
Verify
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17. Research and Developments of Continuing Interest
Instruction level parallelism (ILP)
Multi-core systems and chip multi-processing (CMP)
Processors
Inter-processor communication
Memory organization
Operating system
Programming languages
Computing algorithms
Energy efficiency and low power design
Embedded systems
Quantum computing, biological computing, . . .
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18. Summary A computer processes digital data.
A user solves problems by writing and running programs written in a high-level programming language like C.
Inside computer, system programs called compiler and assembler break the user program down into assembly code (instruction set) and then into binary machine code.
The machine code is processed by the 5-piece hardware (control unit, datapath, memory, input and output) to obtain the desired result.
Readings on architecture:
L. Hoffmann, “Q&A: RISC and Reward (An Interview with David Patterson),” Comm. ACM, vol. 57, no. 3, pp. 112, 111, March 2014.
S. Borkar and A. A. Chen, “The Future of Microprocessors,” Comm. ACM, vol. 54, no. 5, pp , May 2011.
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