1. Off-pump mitral valve repair using the Coapsys device: a pilot study in a pacing-induced mitral regurgitation model 
Kiyotaka Fukamachi, MD, PhD, Masahiro Inoue, MD, PhD, Zoran B Popović, MD, Kazuyoshi Doi, MD, Soren Schenk, MD, Hassan Nemeh, MD, Yoshio Ootaki, MD, PhD, Michael W Kopcak, MS, Raymond Dessoffy, AA, James D Thomas, MD, Richard W Bianco, BA, James M Berry, RDCS, Patrick M McCarthy, MD 
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 
Volume 77, Issue 2, Pages (February 2004)
DOI: /S (03)

2. Fig 1
Functional mitral regurgitation results from dilatation of the mitral valve annulus or lateral papillary muscle displacement in dysfunctional left ventricles. With the Coapsys device, the mitral leaflets are drawn together by the annular head of the posterior pad to increase valve coaptation, and papillary muscles are repositioned by the papillary head of the posterior pad. (AML = anterior mitral leaflet; PML = posterior mitral leaflet; PM = papillary muscle.)
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (03) )

3. Fig 2
Location of the Coapsys device. (LCX = left circumflex artery; LAD = left anterior descending artery; AML = anterior mitral leaflet; PML = posterior mitral leaflet.)
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (03) )

4. Fig 3
Short-axis views by 2-D echocardiogram in a representative dog, demonstrating geometric change in the shape of the left ventricle produced by the device. (A) Presizing; (B) postsizing.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (03) )

5. Fig 4
Mitral regurgitation reduction by 2-D echocardiogram in a representative dog. (A) Presizing; (B) postsizing.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (03) )

6. Fig 5
By 2-D echocardiogram, mitral regurgitation (MR) was reduced in all animals. Open circles and lines represent changes of MR grade in each animal. MR significantly (p < 0.001) decreased from 2.9 ± 0.7 at presizing to 0.6 ± 0.7 at postsizing.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (03) )