1. Insights on left ventricular and valvular mechanisms of recurrent ischemic mitral regurgitation after restrictive annuloplasty and coronary artery bypass grafting 
Sandro Gelsomino, MD, Roberto Lorusso, MD, PhD, Sabina Caciolli, MD, Irene Capecchi, MD, Carlo Rostagno, MD, Marco Chioccioli, MD, Giuseppe De Cicco, MD, Giuseppe Billè, MD, Pierluigi Stefàno, MD, Gian Franco Gensini, MD 
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 
Volume 136, Issue 2, Pages (August 2008)
DOI: /j.jtcvs
Copyright © 2008 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

2. Figure 1
A, Papillary muscle displacement measured in the parasternal short-axis view. B, posterior papillary muscle–fibrosa measured in the long-axis view (see text). PPM, Posterior papillary muscle; APM, anterior papillary muscle; PM, papillary muscle; LV, left ventricle; Ao, aorta; LA, left atrium.
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.jtcvs )
Copyright © 2008 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

3. Figure 2
A, Method to quantify mitral leaflet tethering in the parasternal long-axis view in midsystole. AML, Anterior mitral leaflet; LV, left ventricle; PML, posterior mitral leaflet; Ao, aorta; LA, left atrium; CL, coaptation length; d, coaptation distance; h, coaptation height; α′, anterior mitral leaflet tethering angle; γ, bending angle; β′, posterior mitral leaflet tethering angle. B, Diastolic parasternal long-axis view. AML, Anterior mitral leaflet; PML, posterior mitral leaflet; Ao, aorta; LA, left atrium; αEX, anterior mitral leaflet excursion angle; βEX, posterior mitral leaflet excursion angle; AMLEX, anterior mitral leaflet excursion; PMLEX, posterior mitral leaflet excursion.
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.jtcvs )
Copyright © 2008 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions