1. Modulation of GM-CSF release by enantiomers of β-agonists in human airway smooth muscle 
Bill T. Ameredes, PhD, William J. Calhoun, MD 
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 
Volume 116, Issue 1, Pages (July 2005)
DOI: /j.jaci
Copyright © 2005 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Terms and Conditions

2. Fig 1
GM-CSF release with enantiomers and propranolol (10 μmol/L; hatched bars) relative to control (dashed line; [enantiomer]=0). (R)-albuterol (n=6), (S)-albuterol (n=4), (R)-+(S)-albuterol (n=4), (R,R)-formoterol (n=6), (S,S)-formoterol (n=4), or (R,R)-+(S,S)-formoterol (n=4). Symbols indicate P < .05 for comparison versus ∗respective control, +respective enantiomer at same concentration, ∧respective (R)-enantiomer at same concentration, and #(R)-albuterol at same concentration.
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology  , 65-72DOI: ( /j.jaci )
Copyright © 2005 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Terms and Conditions

3. Fig 2
A, GM-CSF release by HASMC with propranolol (○) and ICI-118,511 (•). ∗P < .05 compared with control (0 μmol/L propranolol=467 pg/mL ± 4 pg/mL; 0 μmol/L ICI-118,551=1079 pg/mL ± 28 pg/mL); n=5 experiments per concentration. B, Intracellular cAMP levels in HASMC with propranolol (n=2) and ICI-118,551 (n=4); significance as in A; mean baseline cAMP=1.9 pmol/mL ± 0.1 pmol/mL.
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology  , 65-72DOI: ( /j.jaci )
Copyright © 2005 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Terms and Conditions

4. Fig 3
Propranolol concentration and GM-CSF release response relationship versus single concentration (10 μmol/L) of either (R)-albuterol (left) or (R,R)-formoterol (right) in HASMC. Symbols indicate P < .05 for comparison versus∗ respective control (0 μmol/L propranolol), ∧(R)-albuterol at same concentration; n=5 experiments/bar.
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology  , 65-72DOI: ( /j.jaci )
Copyright © 2005 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Terms and Conditions

5. Fig 4
Intracellular cAMP with increasing (R)-albuterol alone (□; n=2) and with increasing (R)-albuterol plus propranolol (•; 0 μmol/L or 10 μmol/L; n=2), expressed as a function of baseline intracellular cAMP in HASMC with no drugs added (horizontal dashed line; 1.2 pmol/mL ± 0.4 pmol/mL).
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology  , 65-72DOI: ( /j.jaci )
Copyright © 2005 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Terms and Conditions

6. Fig 5
GM-CSF release with dibutyryl cAMP alone (•) and with dibutyryl cAMP plus propranolol (○; 100 μmol/L),∗P < .05; versus 0 μmol/L dibutyryl cAMP, †P < .05; versus dibutyryl cAMP alone at same concentration; r2>.99 for regression of both data sets; horizontal dashed line indicates control GM-CSF release with 0 μmol/L dibutyryl cAMP (1672 pg/mL ± 22 pg/mL); n=5 experiments per set.
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology  , 65-72DOI: ( /j.jaci )
Copyright © 2005 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Terms and Conditions

7. Fig 6
Effects of dexamethasone (Dex) in combination with enantiomers. GM-CSF expressed as ratios relative to –Dex, 0 enantiomer control (range: pg/mL); percentage change values as shown. ∗P < .05 vs –Dex, 0 agonist (no drugs) control; +P < .05 vs –Dex, 10 μmol/L agonist; ∧P < .05 vs +Dex, 0 agonist; n=4-10 experiments/bar.
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology  , 65-72DOI: ( /j.jaci )
Copyright © 2005 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Terms and Conditions