1. Precipitation = Evaporation
Running Water & Ground Water
Water Cycle
- movement of water between oceans, air, & land.
HOW?
1) Evaporation from oceans
2) Condensation into clouds & precipitation
3) Infiltration into rocks & soil
4) Transpiration from plants, Evaporation from
oceans, lakes, etc.
* Water Cycle is balanced:
Precipitation = Evaporation

2. WATER CYCLE

3. Stream Flow - streams erode & transport materials
- How much depends on velocity (speed).
What Affects Stream Velocity?
1) Gradient (slope)
- steeper = faster
2) Channel Characteristics
- shape, size, roughness
- creates friction
3) Discharge
- amount of water flowing
- affected by rainfall

4. Parts of a Stream
1) Headwater- beginning of a stream
2) Mouth- end of a stream
3) Base Level- lowest point of a stream
4) Meander- winding of streams

5. Changes Along Streams
1) Gradient decreases towards the mouth
2) Discharge increases towards mouth

6. How Do Streams Erode Land?
- by abrasion, grinding, & dissolving material

7. How Do Streams Transport Materials?
1) Dissolved Load- dissolved in water
2) Suspended Load- floating sediment (largest)
3) Bed Load- large objects at the bottom

8. Other Stream Terms: a) Capacity- maximum load a stream can carry
b) Competence- largest particles a stream can
carry
c) Deposition- settling of particles as a stream slows
- forms Deltas- new land areas at
the stream mouth

9. Floods & Flood Control Caused by: 1) Rapid snow melt 2) Heavy rain
Controlled by:
1) Artificial Levees
- man-made mounds of dirt built
along a stream

10. 2) Flood Control Dam
- holds back floodwater to release it
slowly.
3) Limiting Development
- not allowing construction in floodplains

11. Water Underground - held in the: zone of saturation
- area underground filled with water
- the top of the zone is the water table
- water located here is call ground water
unsaturated
zone

12. Infiltration into Soil
Permeable
Porous

13. What happens when ground water comes up?
1) Spring- ground water that seeps up to the
surface.

14. 2) Hot Spring
- heated groundwater that seeps up

15. 3) Geyser
- water heated to steam that bursts up

16. 4) Well
- groundwater pumped up by man
5) Artesian Well
- ground water forced up by underground
pressure.

17. What happens if too much ground water is pumped out?
ANSWER: Sinkhole
- large hole caused by lose of ground
water from underneath.

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