1. Collaboration for public goods Gerard Breeman Katrien Termeer Wageningen University

2. Elinor Ostrom People can and do work together to manage common resources grazing lands, forests, irrigation waters, fisheries sustainably and equitably over the long term. Debunks popular theories that resource management can only occur under the auspices of either the state or the market. Garrett Hardin

3. Public goods ExcludableNon excludable RivalrousPrivate goods - bread Common goods/pool resources -fish stocks -fresh water -timber Non rivalrousClub goods -cinema Public goods: -Fresh air -Water storage -Landscape -Biking routes Eurovissers

4. Organizing collectives 3. Connecting with society 1. Organizing trust and mandates 2. Negotiating with govern- ment Robert Putnam Bonding Linking Bridging

5. 1. ORGANZING TRUST, MANDATES, PRACTICALITIES

6. 2 times collective trust I trust you We trust you

7. Why do farmers collaborate in collectives? Underlying values: Autonomy Social bonding We (collectiveness) Mutual trust Spatial bonding (identity) Enduring connectedness Pride Unique Pragmatics: Whats in it for me? Lets calculate.. Is this the right moment? What about my neighbors? Will it be successful? Simply dont like it

8. Ladder of collaboration in collectives Acting as one collective Implementing policies, controlling, paying Contracting, transfer of responsibilities Joint development of visions and activities Mutual learning Shared services Interest representation Acting as individual farmers collective

9. Design principles Ostrom 1. Clearly defined boundaries 2. Congruence between costs and benefits 3. Flexible rules 4. Monitoring 5. Graduated sanctions 6. Conflict-resolution mechanisms 7. Minimal recognition of rights to organize by governments 8. Nested enterprises

10. 2. LINKING WITH GOVERNMENT

11. Collectives in heavily regulated policy fields Schemes and Regulations: multilevel (EU, national, local); multi policy domains (agriculture, nature, climate, health etc.) Constraints and advantages (e.g. payments) Negotiation with governmental actors in order to create space for collective arrangements for the (self-) management of natural resources. Politics of self governance

12. Ladder of self governance Collective (C) in the steering seat Devolution of responsibilities/resources C implements elements/ strict frameworks Joint development of visions and activities C assists G fine-tuning regulations C provides information to G Government (G) in the steering seat government

13. Politics of self governance Two steps Public authorities approve a form of self- governance Developing a set of arrangements that will enable the devolution of the obligations and objectives of the policy-makers to the self-governing community, and that will ensure that policy goals are safeguarded Relational contracting: shared understandings underpin the contract, focus on preserving the relationship Leadership from the site of the government and the collective

14. Self- governing collective Devolution of governmental responsibilities

15. 3. CONNECTING WITH SOCIETAL ACTORS

16. Connecting strategies Organizing trust and mandates Licence to produce Communication New connections Social media Farmers, beer and water

17. Pitfalls and opportunities Negotia- ting with govern- ment Organizing trust and mandates Connecting with society