1. Cells: The Basic Unit of Life
Cells are the basic units of organisms
Cells can only be observed under microscope
Two basic types of cells:
Plant Cell
Animal Cell
On the following slides, all structures are found in both plant and animal cells unless stated otherwise. 1

2. Cell Biology Animations

3. Plant Cell Cell wall Made of cellulose which forms very thin fibres
Strong and rigid
In plant cells only

4. Plant Cell Cell wall A dead layer Freely permeable
Protect and support the interior of the cell.
Give shape to the cell
A dead layer
Freely permeable

5. Plant Cell Cell membrane Lies immediately against the cell wall
Made of protein and lipid Selectively permeable

6. Plant Cell Cell membrane
Can control the movement of materials into and out of the cell
A living layer
Found in plant & animal cells

7. Plant Cell Cytoplasm Jelly-like substance enclosed by cell membrane
Provide a medium for chemical reactions to take place

8. Plant Cell Cytoplasm Found in all cells
Contains organelles and granules :
e.g. chloroplast
e.g. mitochondrion

9. Organelles
very small size – some can only be observed under electron microscope
All organelles have specific functions
Found in the cytoplasm

10. Plant Cell Chloroplast
Only in plant cells.
Contain the green pigment chlorophyll
Chlorophyll traps light energy, to make food by photosynthesis

11. Plant Cell Chloroplast
Contain starch grains (products of photosynthesis)

13. Plant Cell Mitochondrion ( mitochondria ) Rod shape
For cellular respiration (provides energy for the cell)

14. Plant Cell Mitochondrion ( mitochondria )
Active cells ( eg. sperms, liver cells) have more mitochondria

15. Plant Cell Non-living granules Starch granules Oil droplets
Crystals of insoluble wastes

16. Plant Cell Vacuole large central vacuole Contains cell sap
a solution of chemicals (sugars, proteins, mineral salts, wastes, pigments)
Larger in plant cells than animal cells

17. Plant Cell Nucleus Control the normal activities of the cell
Bounded by a nuclear membrane
Contains the genetic material (DNA).
DNA is organized into threadlike structures called chromosomes.

18. Nucleolus Nuclear Pore
Contains the information for the production of proteins in the cell.
Not bound by a membrane
Nuclear Pore
Allows large molecules to move in and out of the nucleus

19. Different kinds of plant cells
Onion Epidermal Cells
Root Hair Cell
root hair
Guard Cells
Cellular World - YouTube

20. Animal cell No cell wall or chloroplasts
Stores glycogen granules and oil droplets in the cytoplasm

21. Animal Cell Endoplasmic Reticulum (E.R.) Found in plant & animal cells
Transport of materials in cell
Rough and smooth types
Rough E.R. has ribosomes attached to the outside.

22. Endoplasmic Reticulum
mitochondrion

23. Animal Cell Ribosomes Found in plant & animal cells.
Sites of protein synthesis.
Found on rough E.R. or in the cytoplasm.

24. Animal Cell Golgi Bodies Found in plant & animal cells.
Serve as storage, packaging and processing centres for products released by the cell.
Animal Cell
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26. Animal Cell Microtubules “Skeleton” of the cell.
Found in plant & animal cells.
Gives cells shape and support.
Found in centrioles, cilia, & flagella.
Composed of Tubulin.

27. Animal Cell
Lysosomes
Small saclike structures that contain digestive enzymes.
Found in most animal and some plant cells.

28. Rough E.R.

29. Different kinds of animal cells
white blood cell
red blood cell
cheek cells
sperm
nerve cell
muscle cell
Amoeba
Paramecium
Journey Into a Cell - YouTube

30. Similarities between plant cells and animal cells
Both have a cell membrane surrounding the cytoplasm.
Both have a nucleus.
Both contain mitochondria, golgi bodies, E.R. , ribosomes and microtubules.

31. Differences between plant cells and animal cells
Relatively smaller in size
Relatively larger in size
Irregular shape
Regular shape
No cell wall
Cell wall present

32. Differences between plant cells and animal cells
Vacuole small or absent
Large central vacuole
No Chloroplasts
Chloroplasts Present
Nucleus at the centre
Nucleus near cell wall