1. The Cognitive Science Approach
Cognitive Psychology
Chapter 2.2
The Cognitive Science Approach

2. Outline Writing methods sections Cognitive Science (c’ont) 7/14/2019
Journey to the center of your brain, c’ont
Basic Neurology
Cortical functioning
Study Question.
• Describe three principles of cortical organization and functioning.

3. The Methods Section Structure Normally, does not start on a new page.
Title the section “Methods”
Subsections
Participants
Who were they and how many were there.
Stimulus and apparatus
What was used for equipment and what observers were presented with.
Procedure
What they did, with enough detail to allow for replication.

4. The Methods Section Headings Past Tense No page break Italics
Muller the liar 18
to understand the phenomenon.
Methods
Participants.
Twenty-four undergraduates at St. Francis University participated as part of ...
Stimuli and Apparatus.
The stimuli consisted of two lines, a standard and a comparison…
Procedure.
Participants began by logging onto the Coglab website, where they were given written instructions (see Appendix A)…
Results
Omnibus Analysis.
The data are presented in Figure 1. A one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used …
No page break
Past
Tense
Italics

5. The Cognitive Science Approach
Neurocognition
A journey to the center of your brain
Vilayanur Ramachandran

6. The Cognitive Science Approach
Neurocognition
Neuropsychological Approach
Broca and Wernicke
Double dissociation

7. The Cognitive Science Approach
Basic Neurology
Neurons

8. The Cognitive Science Approach
Basic Neurology
Reflexes

9. The Cognitive Science Approach
Basic Neurology
Synapses
Massive interconnectivity
Excitatory and inhibitory
Neurotransmitters

10. The Cognitive Science Approach
Basic Neurology
Lower brain structures

11. The Cognitive Science Approach
Basic Neurology
The cortex

12. The Cognitive Science Approach
Donald Olding Hebb ( )
Basic Neurology
Principles of cortical organization
Cell assemblies - groups of neurons that, through repeated excitation, have become functionally organized into a circuit that provides a neural basis for perception, learning, and thinking.
Hebb’s neuropsychological theory
Three postulates
1. Formation of Hebb’s synapse (Hebb’s rule)
2. Formation of cell assemblies.
3. Formation of phase sequences.

13. The Cognitive Science Approach
Donald Olding Hebb ( )
Basic Neurology
Principles of cortical organization
Hebb’s neuropsychological theory
Formation of Hebb’s synapse (Hebb’s rule)
“The general idea is an old one, that any two cells … that are repeatedly active at the same time will tend to become 'associated', so that activity in one facilitates activity in the other” (Hebb, 1949)

14. The Cognitive Science Approach
Donald Olding Hebb ( )
Basic Neurology
Principles of cortical organization
Hebb’s neuropsychological theory
Formation of cell assemblies (Hebb’s rule)
Cells that fire together, wire together 12
2, 14
1, 4
3, 11
5, 9
6, 10 8
7, 15 13

15. The Cognitive Science Approach
Donald Olding Hebb ( )
Basic Neurology
Principles of cortical organization
Hebb’s neuropsychological theory
Formation of cell assemblies (Hebb’s rule)
Cells that fire together, wire together
Formation of phase sequences (Hebb’s rule)
Thinking is represented as the sequential activation of sets of cell assemblies

16. The Cognitive Science Approach
Basic Neurology
Principles of cortical organization
Contralateral connections

17. The Cognitive Science Approach
Basic Neurology
Principles of cortical organization
Topographic organization

18. The Cognitive Science Approach
Basic Neurology
Principles of cortical organization
Hemispheric specialization
Split brain patients

19. The Cognitive Science Approach
Lateralization demonstration
Pick which face seems happier (Top or Bottom)

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