1. Magic ‘e’
Rule 1
A silent ‘e’ at the end of a word makes the vowel in front say its name. 1
Hate Make Ride Fine Hope Note Tube Use Poke Alone 2
Price Spike Choke Stone Brave Flame Huge Amuse Shave Awake 3
Extreme Expose Inflate Brake (car/bike) Scale Oppose Suppose Surprise Behave Female
Prove Move Love Lose( Rhymes with choose) Have Come Gone
BUT
Word for the week
People
It has 6 letters
It has 2 ‘’e’s’’
It has ‘’eo’’ in the middle

2. ue and ve
Rule 2
No word in English ends in ‘’u’’ or ‘’v’’. ‘’ue’’ or ‘’ve’’ must be written. 1
Dive Drive Slave Gave Give Love Blue True Glue 2
Prove Remove leave Value Statue Flame Continue Barbeque Forgive Believe 3
Approve Revive Relative Expensive Issue Virtue Rescue Fatigue Pursue Tissue
Remember: The sound uv is spelt uve
Love Dove Glove Above
Word for the week
Friend
It has 6 letters
Friend ends in end
Friday is at the end of the week.
My friend is coming out on Friday.

3. Soft ‘c’
Rule 3
When ‘c’ is followed by e, I or y, it makes the sound ‘s’. 1
Ice Nice Dance Since Ace Pace Place Fancy December 2
Police City Centre Advance Glance Certain Distance Concert Balance Cycle 3
Source Introduce Decide Innocent procession Succession Justice Century Experience Currency
Word for the week
Many
It has no ‘e’
It has 4 letters
It contains the word ‘any’
Mnemonic: Martin Ate No Yoghurt
Mary Arrives Next Year

4. Soft ‘g’
Rule 4
When ‘g’ is followed by e, I or y, it makes the sound ‘j’. 1
Age Page Cage Wage Strange Danger Large Charge Gem 2
Stranger Damage Village General Manage Advantage Engine giant Gentle Technology 3
Generous Genuine Intelligence Courageous Emergency Religion Digestion Biology Register Arrangement
Word for the week
Where
Where are you?
Contains the word here
It refers to a place

5. ‘le’ at the end.
Rule 5
The sound ‘ul’ at the end of a word is often ‘le.’ 1
little battle kettle bottle handle sparkle jungle angle apple table 3
obstacle invisible reliable impossible manageable suitable probable double couple single responcible 2
title ankle feeble puddle rattle terrible horrible possible people
Word for the week
Were
We were at school
Contains the word ‘we’ (were)
It has 4 letters
It is a verb: you were
we were
they were

6. ‘se’ and ‘ze’ at the end Rule 6
Singular words ending in the sound s or z end in the letters ‘se’ and ‘ze’. This distinguishes them from plural words ending in ‘s’. 1
Cheese else mouse house horse prize size case please nurse 2
nonsense lose base noise wise refuse confuse ease gaze blaze 3
bruise increase surprise purpose release disease coarse advertise purchase seize
5 words with ze after ee
breeze freeze squeeze sneeze wheeze
(z) (s) (s) (s) (s) (z) (z) (s) (z) (s)
(s) (z) (s) (z) (z) (z) (z) (z) (z) (z)
(z) (s) (z) (s) (s) (z) (s) (z) (s) (z)
Learn these together
Word for the week
sure
It has 4 letters
These is no ‘sh’
Mnemonic Sam Uses Red Eggs

7. sense nonsense dense tense rinse expense expanse dispense
‘nce’ at the end
Rule 7
The sound ns at the end of a base word is nearly always spelt ‘nce’. 1
dance fence mince pence since chance once bounce 2
absence glance balance trance science prince romance entrance distance instance 3
confidence offence defence advance experience licence presence existence nuisance attendance
Word for the week
BUT
Which
sense nonsense dense tense rinse expense expanse dispense
It is a question word
It has 5 letters
It begins with ‘wh’
Learn with where who why which

8. SUFFEXING (1) Dropping the final ‘e’
Rule 8
Drop the final ‘e’ when you add a suffix beginning with a vowel: ing -ed -able -er -est -y -ire -al 1
taking icing giving riding hoped liked rider rudest wider cheesy smoky 2
final arrival desirable believable continued refused wisest noisy offensive leaving forgiving famous 3
excited diseased inquiry injury reversal refusal excitable usage accuser expensive
Word for the week
Does
It ends in ‘s’
It has 4 letters
It has ‘oe’ in the middle

9. SUFFEXING (2) Adding ‘ly’
Rule 10
Rule 9
Add ‘ly’ to the whole word
If the word ends in ‘y’ change it to ‘I’ before adding –ly e.g. happy add ly = happily.
BUT if the adjective ends in ‘ly’ cross off the ‘le’ ad just add ‘ly’ 1
likely lovely safety bravely wisely timely rudely finally happily 2
lonely largely genuinely finely expensively massively merrily easily musically 3
merely lately definitely usually fortunately sincerely heartily satisfactory cheerfully successfully
Simple = simply
Sensible = sensibly
Possible = possibly
Horrible = horribly
Comfortable = comfortably

10. SUFFEXING (3) Keeping the ‘e’
Rule 10
Keep final ‘e’ when the suffix begins with a consonant: ment -ful -ness -less -(some) 1
ageless hopeless hopeful hateful careful statement battlement whiteness strangeness rudeness 2
peaceful gentleness braveness feebleness movement management basement advertisement safety 3
coarseness priceless excitement encouragement achievement improvement purposeful resourceful tiresome lonesome wholesome
Word for the week
Because
Big Elephants Can Add Up Sums Easily.
Big Elephants Can Always Understand Small Elephants.

11. ei Rule 11 ‘I’ before ‘e’ when the sound is ‘ee’ BUT! seize
Word for the week 1
Field Chief piece grief brief 2
pier believe achieve relief shield diesel 3
Grieve yield mischief handkerchief achievement pierce retrieve
N e c e s s a r y
( trace over the word with your finger)
Never Eat Cake, Eat Salmon Sandwiches And Remain Young.
Learn this sentence to help you remember! Or
To remember one ‘c’ and 2 ‘s’
Think of a shirt having one collar and 2 sleeves

12. ei
Rule 12
a) Use ‘ei’ for the sound ‘ee’ after c and b) Sometimes for the sound ‘ay’. 1
ceiling weigh weight eight (8) veil 2
Receive deceit conceit vein sleigh
BUT! 3
deceive receipt neighbour surveillance reindeer
Neither seize forfeit leisure their counterfeit foreign sovereign

13. C or K?
Rule 13a
We use C for the sound of K most of the time e.g. cap, cat, cupboard, copy, scream, act, cube, cage, ear, cream etc …
We use K before ‘e’, ‘I’ and ‘y’ and after another consonant at the end of a word.
Kangaroo skate koala skull 1
Take make kid kite kiss ink keep kick king 2
Kettle mask kerb key ketchup shake mistake kidnap kilt kitchen
BUT! 3
Task kestrel chalk kipper kidney kiln kiwi kimono kind kiosk
Word for the week
Said
It has 4 letters
It comes from the verb to say
We do not write sayed but ‘said’

14. Ch saying K
Rule 13b
Sometimes the letters ch are pronounced ‘k’ These come from Greek words
Word for the week 1
Echo ache school chemical Christmas 2
Stomach technology scheme anchor choir chorus 3
Orchestra mechanical chemistry character chorus chaos chasm
Writing
It has a silent ‘w’
It comes from the verb ‘write’
Remember the - ing rule, cross of the e and add ‘ing’.
There is one ‘t’
It has the word ‘it’ in the middle.

15. Doubling (1) ff ll ss
Rule 14
The letters f, l and s are doubled after a single vowel. (The vowel is usually short). 1
ill will tell shall pull smell class less press off 2
Roll illness yellow gallop dull dwell Glasses offer office different 3
Collect allowed collage collection challenge difference affect possess passage associate massage
BUT!
Gas bus yes plus
and
Odd add egg fizz buzz
Word for the week
should
Like, would and could it ends in ould.
I should do my homework every night.

16. Doubling (2)
Rule 15
a) Before a vowel ending (getting) b) In the middle consonants ( rabbit ) c) After a stressed short vowel ( forgotten, referral) 1
Letter funny pretty happy sorry stopped skipping getting bigger carry 2
Sudden correct appear narrow slipped muddy suppose beginning matter horrid 3
Jewellery successful intelligence marvellous opposite accidental common immediately commence innocent
Word for the week
breathe
All animals must breathe to live
It has an ‘e’ at the end and a long ‘ee’ sound
It is a verb

17. ‘ck’ or ‘ic’
Rule 16
Use ck at the end of one syllabled words and in the middle of words. Use ic at the end of 2 or more syllabled words.
BUT!
picnic 1
Sick stick sock black quick trick magic music public sonic 2
Wicked ticket rocket chicken wreck topic traffic panic plastic domestic 3
Heroic majestic athletic dynamic enthusiastic realistic horrific supersonic classic
Word for the week
Thought
Its is verb - the past tense of think
He thought he was right
Look for the pattern ‘ough’
Pronounce the th properly - tongue between teeth!

18. tch and dge Rule 17 Tch and dge go straight after a short vowel 1
Match catch patch watch fetch edge ledge edge judge bridge 2
Witch switch pitch stretch kitchen dodge ledge ridge badger budget 3
Crutch bewitch butcher latch ketchup smudge pledge fridge knowledge acknowledge
If there is another consonant after the short vowel we only need ch or ge.
e.g.
bench lunch hinge plunge

19. The sound ‘I’ at the end Rule 18a Spelt with a ‘y’ in these words
Keep the y when adding ‘ing’ to the *verbs from this list: 1
By *cry *try *fry *dry sky my why shy spy 2
July *comply * reply butterfly *apply *deny *rely *horrify *terrify guy 3
*clarify *multiply *satisfy *rectify *electrify *petrify *quantify *certify * verify *occupy
Crying trying dying clarifying denying occupying applying
Change the y to ‘I’ when adding ‘s or ‘ed’
cries /cried multiplies / multiplied occupies / occupied satisfies / satisfied clarifies / Clarified
BUT!
tie – tying – tied die – dying – died dye – dyeing – dyed

20. Plurals continued Rule 18b
Cross off the y and add ies : party – parties 3
Country / countries university / universities injury / injuries opportunity / opportunities society / societies inquiry / inquiries delivery / deliveries discovery / discoveries enemy / enemies emergency / emergencies 2
Spy / spies reply / replies supply / supplies entry / entries body / bodies diary / dairies family / families story / stories library / library difficulty / difficulties
lorry / lorries lady / ladies baby / babies penny / pennies party / parties fly / flies bully / bullies ferry / ferries berry / berries cherry / cherries

21. Plurals
- Add es after s, z, x, sh, and ch : sixes change f to ve and add s : wives add es after ‘o’ : potatoes 3
Loss / losses fox / foxes stitch / stitches lash / lashes church / churches thief / thieves shelf / shelves tomato / tomatoes echo / echoes
Rule 19 2
Boss / bosses six / sixes buzz / buzzes peach / peaches wash / washes loaf / loaves knife / knives potato / potatoes volcano / volcanoes
bus / buses kiss / kisses box / boxes dish / dishes catch / catches life / lives elf / elves wife / wives hero / heroes
BUT!
piano / pianos
BUT!
BUT!
Video / videos
Irregular plurals man – men woman – women mouse – mice foot – feet tooth – teeth child - children
stereo / stereos
Numbers, letters and signs ’s x’s +’s add apostrophe’s

22. Sounds altered by certain letters (i) wa and qua
Rule 20
The sound ‘o’ after w and qu is spelled with the letter a.
was want wash wand wasp swan wallet water squash quarry 2
Watch wander wallop swallow warm quad quarrel quality squat squander 3
Waddle waffle warrant wan squadron quantity qualify quarantine squabble squalid
BUT! W(h)at

23. qu
Rule 20a
The letter q has no sound by itself. We always put qu and it sounds kw. Qu must be followed by a vowel!
quick queen quiz quack quest quite question 2
Quake quote quiet quite quit quaint quarrel quench request query 3
Quibble queasy quotation quell quirk quirk quizzical querulous require bequeath
But queue quay
REMEMBER
(ii) The sound ‘wer’ is spelt wor.
e.g. word, worm, world, worth, worship, worse, work , worst

24. el or al?
Rule 21
1. After letters n, r, s, v, w, soft c and soft g – we put ‘el’ Where it means ‘to do with’ the word in front we put ‘al’ 1
Panel barrel level towel angel 2
Channel tunnel kennel vessel travel vowel trowel 3
Diesel jewel quarrel tassel shovel cancel
BUT!
Label chapel model pastel duel cruel 1
Musical comical coastal normal 2
Personal tropical mechanical 3
Accidental universal physical theatrical

25. All, well, full, till
Rule 22
These words always drop one ‘l’ when adding another word. 1
Also almost alone welcome useful helpful hopeful harmful sinful handful 2
Although always awful wonderful careful meaningful tearful until resentful eventful Watch 3
Already altogether welfare beautiful cheerful peaceful successful fearful dreadful deceitful
Word for the week
listen
It has 6 letters
It has a silent ‘t’
It contains the word ten

26. ‘or’ at the end
Rule 23
‘or’ at the ends of the words is often used for professions, or when the word means ‘one who’ or ‘that which’ 2
Director instructor inspector calculator junior 3
Author governor inferior survivor ancestor 1
Actor doctor sailor tractor inventor
Word for the week
separate
It contains the pattern ‘par’
It ends in the word ‘ate’
We separate in parts

27. tion Rule 24 ‘shn’ at the end of a word is often spelt tion 1
Nation station action section portion motion lotion fraction 2
Direction condition invitation relation reduction addition examination 3
Explanation situation attraction exhibition preparation sensation conservation ventilation appreciation admiration concentration
Word for the week
Disappear
It has 1 ‘s’ and 2 ‘p’s’
It ends in the word ‘ear’
It is made up of appear and with the prefix - ‘dis’ - disappear

28. Ssion / sion
Rule 25
The sound shan at the end of a word is spelled sion e.g. vision. The sound shn is spelled ssion e.g. passion. 1
Vision television division invasion revision mission discussion 2
Decision conclusion confusion provision occasion passion expression procession succession 3
Erosion intrusion seclusion persuasion incision fusion possession progression omission

29. Ssion / sion
Rule 26
i) The sound ‘cher’ is sometimes spelled ‘ture’ ii) The sound ‘er’ is sometimes spelled ‘our’ 1
Picture mixture fixture nature 2
Adventure puncture furniture pasture capture 3
Departure manufacture culture lecture agriculture temperature
Word for the week
weather 1
Colour favour harbour 2
Humour flavour labour neighbour vapour 3
Behaviour odour honour endeavour
It has 7 letters
It contains the word ‘eat’

30. The sound ‘us’ at the end of an adjective is spelled ‘ous’
Rule 27
The sound ‘us’ at the end of an adjective is spelled ‘ous’ 1
Famous nervous serious curious enormous furious 2
Numerous jealous tremendous generous religious previous dangerous 3
Ridiculous mysterious victorious glorious anxious mischievous gorgeous outrageous devious laborious
Add – ly to make an adverb e.g. tremendously seriously previously

31. The sound ‘sh’ in the middle of words is spelled ‘ti’, ‘si’ or ‘ci’
ti si ci
Rule 28
The sound ‘sh’ in the middle of words is spelled ‘ti’, ‘si’ or ‘ci’ 1
Nation patient initial session mission social special 2
Ambitious impatient infectious conclusion decision ancient sufficient delicious 3
Cautious preferential fictitious erosions persuasion especially sufficient appreciate malicious
BUT! Fashion cushion

32. Shortened words
Rule 29a
These words have been shortened by joining two words together and placing an apostrophe where a letter or letters have been missed out Words which are shortened when added to another word.
Not is has will shall had would are have am
Do not he is she has we will I shall I had we would you are they have I am
Don’t he’s she’s we’ll I’ll I’d we’d you're they’re I’m
n’t ‘s ‘s ‘ll ‘ll ‘d ‘d ‘re ‘ve ‘m

33. Shortened words
Rule 29b
These words have been shortened by joining two words together and placing an apostrophe where a letter or letters have been missed out Words which are shortened when added to another word.
can’t don’t hasn’t wasn’t he’s he’ll you’ll I’ll I’d I’ve
won’t doesn’t haven’t weren’t it’s here’s they’ll we’d we’re they’re
aren’t shan’t needn’t shouldn’t who’s what’s we’ll you're they’ve would’ve

34. Spelling of commonly used expression
Rule 30
These usually begin with capital letters because they often stand alone as a singe exclamation at the beginning of a sentence.
Have fun saying these
Make your own cartoon for display.
Note: To indicate a lengthened Utterance, repeat the last letters
Yeah! (yes) Yippee! Yuk! Yoohoo! Hi! (hello) Bye! (goodbye) Cheerio (goodbye)
Ah! Aha! Oh! ( or o) Oho! Phew! Hey! Ugh! Ow! Wow! Ouch!
Ahhhhhh! Ohhhhhh!
Ughhhhh! Owwwww!