1. HOW WA STATE WAS FORMED

2. Techtonic Plates Pangea
The landmass that existed when all the continents were joined from about 300 – 200 million years ago.
Plates move around an inch a year.

3. Tectonic Plates Divergent Boundary Convergent Boundary Subduction Zone
Transforma-tive Boundary
The point where one tectonic plate is being pulled away from another
The point where one tectonic plate is being pushed into another
The point where one tectonic plate slides under another
When two tectonic plates slide past each other

4. Techtonic Plates https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1-HwPR_4mP4
Tsunami
So What??
A large title wave created when a convergent boundary slips

5. Tectonic Plates
Facts
Cascadia subduction zone runs for 700 miles off the PNW coast
Juan de Fuca plate =90,000 square miles in size
Juan de Fuca plate is not sliding under the North American plate…it’s stuck, building up lots of pressure!!
When it lets go, North American Continent will rebound like a spring causing massive earthquake
Estimated earthquake will be 8.7 – 9.2 (VERY BIG!)

6. Tectonic Plates Facts Continued Results??
When slips, from Cali to Canada…from continental shelf to Cascades will
Drop as much as 6 feet
Rebound feet to the west
Huge quantities of displaced ocean water will surge up forming a “water mountain” (Tsunami) which will split in half
West side will rush to Japan
East side will rush to PNW coast
Tsunami will reach the PNW coast within 15 minutes
Fun Fact:
A grown man is knocked down by ankle-deep water going 6.7 mph… this Tsunami will travel about 20mph and range from 20 – 100+ ft, high!!!

7. Tectonic Plates Results Continued
When earthquakes and tsunami stops, the region will be unrecognizable.
Predict everything west of I-5 will be toast.
Impact will cover around 140,000 square miles and 7 million people
Will be the worst natural disaster in history of North America
Predict
13,000 dead
27,000 wounded
Millions displaced (lose home)
2.5 Million will need food and water
Fun Fact:
This Tsunami is not just water! It’s a 5 story deluge of cars, pickups, cinder blocks, fishing boats, utility poles, chunks of houses and evertything else that once made up a town!!

8. Techtonic Plates Results continued
Search and rescue expected to extend 100,000 miles and up to 453 miles off the coast.
Along I-5 corridor
Estimated to take 1-3 months to restore electricity
Estimated to take 1month to a year to restore drinking water and sewer service
6 months to a year to restore the major highways
Estimating 3 or more years without hospitals

9. HOW PUGET SOUND WAS FORMED
Step 1
Step 2
Tectonic processes related to the subduction of the Juan de Fuca Plate
The Vashon Glaciation (15,000-20,000 yrs ago)

10. HOW PUGET SOUND WAS FORMED
Vashon Glaciation
Ice sheets advanced across Puget Sound
Deposited large amount of glacial sediment
Left a general rise of about 330 ft in elevation
Fun Fact:
The glacier was about 1 mile high above this classroom! It extended past Olympia!!

11. HOW PUGET SOUND WAS FORMED
Vashon Glaciation
Melted water flowed south beneath the ice
Gouged out major valleys and the Puget Sound

12. HOW PUGET SOUND WAS FORMED
Step 4
Water Erosion of hillsides
Materials flow into tributaries of major rivers from Cascades and Olympics
This dug out smaller valleys and made deltas
Deposits are re-deposited in narrow floodplains and at the marine shoreline.

13. HOW PUGET SOUND WAS FORMED
Step 5
Changes of the shoreline
Changes in sea level
Land slowly rebounds after weight of glaciers are gone
Local tectonics
Last 5,000 years sea level has remained relatively the same in Northern Puget Sound
Southern Puget Sound has gotten lower in last 5,000 years

14. HOW MOUNTAINS ARE FORMED
Fold Mountain Ranges
Tectonic plates crash together and fold.
Think of cars in a head-on collision.
Example: Rocky Mountains
Fun Fact:
All ways mountains are formed take millions of years

15. HOW MOUNTAINS ARE FORMED
Fault Block Mountains
Two plates grind together, resulting in blocks of earth lifting up and tilting.
Lifted part forms a mountain
Lowered parts are filled with eroded material
Example is Okanagan Mountains
Fun Fact:
To be a mountain the land must be at least 2,000 feet high and have at least a 2 degree slope

16. HOW MOUNTAINS ARE FORMED
Volcanic and Dome Mountains
Formed when magma
Is pushed up and breaks through the surface
Pushed up to cause a bulge in land then stops before it breaks through
Example is Mt. Rainier (volcano) and Dome Peak (Dome)

17. HOW MOUNTAINS ARE FORMED
Erosion
Rain, rivers and wind pound mountains over time to carve and smooth mountains
Fun Fact:
The older the mountain the smoother it is

18. HOW EASTERN WA WAS FORMED
Volcanic Fissures
Ginormous cracks in the earth’s crust (fissures) covered the Columbia Plateau with lava
Sometimes lava spread out more than 100 miles from the crack
Fun Fact:
Although dinosaurs have been found all over North America, none have been found in Washington. Some think dinosaurs are buried in the 4,000 feet basalt (igneous rock) formed by the volcanic fissures!!

19. HOW EASTERN WA WAS FORMED
Rich Palouse Soil
After lava flows ended, loess was built up
Loess = a mixture of volcanic ash and dust carried by wind before being deposited on the ground in another place
Soil up to 150 ft. deep gradually covered basalt caused by volcanic fissures.
Fun fact:
Palouse is the wheat growing region in WA State

20. HOW EASTERN WA WAS FORMED
Ice Age
Long after major lava flows ceased, air got colder and snow fell for most of the year.
Polar ice cap moved south into northern United States, then the earth warmed and the ice melted and receded back
This happened many many times
Last one was called the Ice Age
1 million to 10,000 years ago

21. HOW EASTERN WA WAS FORMED
Columbian Mammoth
Our State Fossil
6 mammoth remains taken from Spokane County in 1870’s
Combined to make 1 mammoth

22. HOW EASTERN WA WAS FORMED
What is the coolest thing that formed Eastern Washington?