1. Lesson 2: Primary Assessment

2. Objectives Descibe importance of controlling scene
Describe importance of establishing safety of scene
Describe Mechanism of Injury(MOI) and its importance
Demonstrate how to perform primary assessment

3. Establishing Control of Scene
Emergencies by nature tend to be chaotic and emotional
Risks increase if situation is uncontrolled
Clear leadership is essential
The leader often emerges when the emergency happens

4. The Emotionally Upset Patient

5. Shout Out
What do you think are the essential qualities of a Leader?

6. Leader Qualities Competent, knows Wilderness/Remote 1st Aid
Appears and acts confident
Speaks with authority
Stays calm
Listens to others in the group

7. Leader’s Role Do no further harm
Do greatest good for the greatest number
Goals
Control scene
See the big picture
Care for life threatening and non life threatening conditions
Plan evacuation for the group

8. Checking the Scene Check – Call – Care Check Check the scene
Safety – danger to the victim or rescuers?
MOI or nature of illness
Check the patient
Check the resources
Who is available to help?
How far to get more help/advanced help?
Supplies and Materials available?

9. Checking the Scene
Use standard procedures to protect against disease transmission
Approach scene cautiously
Determine MOI, look for clues
Avoid “Tunnel Vision”
Look for all injuries
Consider all aspects of the scene

10. Emergency Moves Considerations
May need to move patient to safer location
Need to balance danger of environmental threats with danger of movement
Limit number of people exposed to any hazards
Always support head/neck of patient when moving

11. Checking the Patient

12. Checking the Patient Primary Assessment
Talk to patient
tell them you are trained
Ask for consent to help them
Control person and gather information
Ask them to not move
Get chief complaints from patient
If head/neck/back injury is suspected/possible, restrain head from moving

13. Checking the Patient ABCDE Method
A = Check Airway, is it open?
B = Check Breathing, is it effective?
C = Circulation, pulse, look for severe bleeding
D = disability: possible damage to spinal cord? Immobilize until sure
E = environment and exposure, assess threat from environment (cold, heat)

14. Recheck Resources After doing ABCDEs assessment ask:
Easy/quick way to get help?
Are needed resources available?
Can the patient be safely moved (if needed)?
What group resources do we have? Do we need?

15. Scenario
There is no moonlight, it is windy and the temperature is 40F. There is lightening in the distance that is coming closer. Camper Timmy went to sleep uncharacteristically early, saying he was not felling so great. You smell toxic gas coming from the area of the tent and are worried. You go to check on him.

16. Summary Check the scene for safety
Check the patient for life threatening injuries/illnesses
Check your resources
Emergency moves done only when risk of not moving is greater than risk of moving