1. Week 10: Community, Ecosystem, and Global Ecology

2. Competition Intraspecific competition = within species
Interspecific competition = between species
Two possible outcomes
Niche differentiation, coexistence 2) Competitive exclusion

3. Disturbance and Succession
Primary succession: when a disturbance removes soil and its organisms as well as organisms that live above the surface. Caused by: glaciers, floods, volcanic eruptions, and landslides
Secondary succession: when a disturbance removes some or all of the organisms from an area but leave soil intact. Caused by: fire and logging

4. Disturbance and Succession
Patterns affected by:
The particular traits of a species involved
Dispersal ability
Tolerance to harsh abiotic conditions
Reproductive rate
How the species interact
Facilitation
Tolerance
Inhibition
Historical and environmental circumstances
Size of burn patch
Weather conditions

5. Trophic cascade
Top down control

6. Productivity NPP = GPP - R
Limited by any factor that limits photosynthesis
Terrestrial: highest near equator
Marine: highest near coastlines
Productivity

8. Threats to biodiversity
Habitat destruction
Habitat fragmentation
Edge effect
Small, isolated populations
Overexploitation
Invasive species
Pollution
Climate change

9. Biodiversity Significance
More productive
Resource use efficiency – niche differentiation
facilitation
More resistant to disturbances and invasions
More resilient
More ecosystem services
Artemisia annua
Antimalarial drug

10. Preserving Biodiversity
Sustainability: the managed use of resources at a rate only as fast as the rate at which they are replaced
Genetic restoration
Wildlife corridors
Protected areas
Accounting for ecosystem services in public policy