1. Probiotics The Best of The Bugs Theresa Greenwell
Scientific Research Associate
Market America

2. The statements in this presentation have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration.
Probiotics are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

3. Probiotics
“Live microorganisms that, when consumed in
adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the
host.”
-The World Health Organization (WHO) and the Food and Agriculture Association (FAO)

4. Dr. Eli Metchnikoff ‘Father of Immunology’ Received Nobel Prize 1908
First scientist to discover health benefits of probiotics

5. Probiotics
Probiotics means ”for life” in Latin Probiotics are often live bacteria with health benefits
10x more bacterial cells in the human
body than there are human
tissue cells
Gastrointestinal tract is largest
immune organ in human body (80%
of Immune System)

6. Probiotics- A Quick Overview
Bacteria that live in the gastrointestinal tract known as microflora
Often referred to as the "friendly", "beneficial", or "good" bacteria
Symbiotic relationship with their human host
Human provides food (nutrition) and shelter to bacteria; bacteria provide their host with a variety of benefits
Contribute to the health and microflora balance of the intestinal tract

7. Microflora Distribution in Gut

8. Interesting Facts
Colonization occurs at birth with similar species to maternal species
Specific organisms vary during first year
Become established by 1 year
In children and adults, “successful” use of probiotics leads to temporary colonization only
Levels of beneficial bacteria constantly need to be replenished
*Source: Probiotics Rescue, Allison Tannis, 2008 p.3

9. Probiotic Benefits Immune support
Help metabolize food and the absorption of nutrients
Better nutrition from improved absorption of vitamins & minerals
Help internal generation of important vitamins
Improve acid and bile tolerance
Gut colonization
Bowel regularity (improvements in constipation or diarrhea)
Promote overall GI health

10. Probiotics in Action Probiotics Strengthen the immune system
Inhibit adhesion of pathogen cells
Produce surface-
active substances
Produce
hydrogen peroxide
Inhibit growth
of pathogen cells
acids
Produce bacteriocins
Inhibit growth of pathogens
Work as
co-aggregation molecules
Block the spread of pathogens
Strengthen the immune system
Modulates cytokine
production
Probiotics

11. Why Is There A Need?
Thousands of people have depleted levels of good bacteria
When good bacteria are depleted- digestion, absorption, and the production of nutrients are affected
When good bacteria are depleted- the overgrowth of harmful bacteria can occur
60 – 70 million people (adults & children) in the U.S. are afflicted with digestive problems

12. Influences On ‘Good’ Bacteria
Disease or illness
Medications
Unhealthy lifestyle habits
Smoking
Excessive alcohol
Poor diet
High in meats and fats
Low fiber intake
Eating Processed Food
Decreases friendly bacteria
Fewer good natural bacteria
Low fiber
Stress
Environmental and Emotional

13. What is a CFU? What is a CFU? CFU = Colony Forming Units
One CFU = one live bacteria cell
“Live” defined as being able to multiple and thereby form a colony

15. Probiotics: Proposed Uses
Diarrhea
Constipation
Gastrointestinal conditions (IBS, Crohn’s, ulcerative colitis)
Bacterial vaginosis
Yeast-overgrowth
Recurrent UTI’s
Atopic diseases
Immune system enhancement (esp. AIDS, MS, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis)
Hellicobacteria (H pylori) infections
Dental caries
Cardiovascular risk and cholesterol reduction
And much more…..

16. Lactobacillus acidophilus
One of the most highly studied and widely used strains
Found in yogurts and cheeses
Resides primarily in the small intestine and vagina
Produces vitamin K, lactase, B vitamins (folic acid, B6, B3) and natural antibiotics (lactocidin & acidophilin)

17. Lactobacillus acidophilus
In the intestinal tract
Stimulates protective mucus production
Inhibits pathogenic bacteria
Studies have shown that it can help to improve digestive functions and boost the immune system
Facilitates digestion in lactose-intolerant subjects

18. Lactobacillus acidophilus Research In Children
Oral administration, in conjunction with standard therapy (topical steroid
ointment) significantly improved symptoms of atopic dermatitis in Japanese
children.
-Torii, S., et al. Effects of oral administration of Lactobacillus acidophilus L- 92 on symptoms and serum markets of atopic dermatitis in children.
International Archives of Allergy and Immunology. 154(3): , 2011.
Daily dietary probiotic supplementation for 6 months reduced the occurrence
and duration of fever, running nose and cough, antibiotic prescription use, as
well as the number of missed school days attributable to illness, for 3-5 years
of age.
- Leyer, G., et al. Probiotic effects on cold and influenza-like symptoms incidence and duration in children. Pediatrics. 124(2): , 2009.
Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum shortened the duration
of diarrhea and hospital stay, and normalized stool frequency of acute diarrhea
in young children.
- Kianifar, H., et al. Probiotics in the treatment of acute diarrhea in young children. Pediatrics. 34(3): , 2009.

19. Lactobacillus acidophilus Research In Children
The administration of live or killed probiotic for 2 weeks can
decrease the results of a BHT in children with lactose
malabsorption.
-Rampengan, N., et al. Comparison of efficacies between live and killed probiotics in children with lactose malabsorption. The Southeast Asian
Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health. 41(2): , 2010.
After administration of probiotics, 37% of preterm infants had
good colonization in the GI tract and improved feeding tolerance.
-Lee, S., et al. Effects of probiotics on enteric flora and feeding tolerance in preterm infants. Neonatology. 91(3): , 2007.

20. Lactobacillus acidophilus Research In Adults
Probiotics twice a day improved symptoms of bloating in patients with
functional bowel disorders (FBDs). Data supports role for probiotic
bacteria in the management of FBDs.
-Ringel-Kulka, T., et al. Probiotic Bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM and Bifidobacterium lactis Bi-07 Versus Placebo for the Symptoms of
Bloating in Patients With Functional Bowel Disorders: A Double-blind Study. Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology. 45(6): , 2011.
40 patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), after 4 weeks of
supplementation, had reduced scores for abdominal pain or discomfort.
-Sinn, D., et al. Thereapeutic effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus- SDC 2012, 2013 in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Digestive Diseases
and Science. 53(10): , 2008.
Prenatal and postnatal supplementation with probiotics mixture is an
effective approach in preventing the development of eczema in infants at
high risk of allergy during the first year of life.
-Kim, J., et al. Effect of probiotic mix (Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium lactis, Lactobacillus acidophilus) in the primary prevention of
eczema: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. 21(2p2): e386- e393, 2010.

21. Lactobacillus acidophilus Research In Adults
Ingestion of L. acidophilus by type 2 diabetics (45 males) for 4
weeks resulted in insulin sensitivity preservation when compared
with placebo.
-Andreason, A., et al. Effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM on insulin sensitivity and the systemic inflammatory response in human
subjects. British Journal of Nutrition. 104(12): , 2010.
The daily administration of a lactobacilli-fermented milk was safe
and effective in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in
hospitalized patients.
-Beausoleil, M., et al. Effect of a fermented milk combining Lactobacillus acidophilus CL1285 and Lactobacillus casei in the prevention of
antibiotic-associated diarrhea: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology.. 21(11): 732-
736, 2007.

22. Lactobacillus rhamnosus
One of the most extensively researched strains
One of the most abundant bacteria in the intestinal tract – prolific growth
Very stable over a wide range of temperatures and pH levels
Resistant to stomach acids and bile salts

23. Lactobacillus rhamnosus
Relieves hypersensitivity reactions and intestinal conditions in individuals with eczema and food allergies
Enhances immune system's resistance
Inhibits the adhesion and growth of pathogens
Beneficial in treating and preventing diarrhea

24. Lactobacillus rhamnosus Research In Children
Results showed less dental caries and significantly reduced risk
of caries. The effect was particularly clear in the 3– to 4–year–olds.
-Pessi, T., et al. Effect of long-term consumption of a probiotic bacterium, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, in milk on dental caries and caries risk
in children.. Caries Research. 35(6): , 2001.
Enhanced interleukin-10 (IL-10) generation by host immune cells
substantiates the anti-inflammatory properties of specific probiotic
bacteria strains while providing an additional reason for considering
such treatments for children with intestinal inflammation.
-Rubzcznski, M., et al. Interleukin-10 generation in atopic children following oral Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. The Southeast Asian
Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health. 41(2): , 2010.

25. Lactobacillus rhamnosus Research In Children
LGG significantly reduces the frequency and severity of abdominal
pain in children with IBS; this effect is sustained and may be
secondary to improvement of the gut barrier.
-Magista, A., et al. A randomized controlled trial of Lactobacillus GG in children with functional abdominal pain. Pediatrics. 126(6): e1445-e1452,
2010.
Administration of L. rhamnosus (strains E/N, Oxy and Pen) to
children receiving antibiotics reduced the risk related diarrhea.
-Pessi, T., et al. Clinical trial: effectiveness of Lactobacillus rhamnosus (strains E/N, Oxy and Pen) in the prevention of antibiotic-associated
diarrhoea in children. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 28(1): , 2008.

26. Lactobacillus rhamnosus Research In Adults
Study showed efficacious use of lactobacilli and antibiotic in the
eradication of bacterial vaginosis (BV).
-Anukam, K., et al. Augmentation of antimicrobial metronidazole therapy of bacterial vaginosis with oral probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1
and Lactobacillus reuteri RC-14: randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial. Microbes and Infection. 8: , 2006.
Test subjects experienced a significant decrease in the levels of
serum total cholesterol and triglycerides. Lactobacillus p. may
help to regulate the blood lipid levels of hyperlipidemia subjects.
-Hong, J., et al. Auxiliary effects of Lactobacillus plantarum ST-Ⅲ strain on blood lipids regulation. Pharmaceutical Care and Research. 2,
2010.

27. Lactobacillus plantarum
Comes from the ingestion of vegetables; vegetable in origin
Synthesizes:
Vitamins K, A, B1, B2, B3, B5, and B6
Short chain fatty acids
L-lysine (amino acid w/ anti-viral activity)
Lactolin (natural antibiotic)

28. Lactobacillus plantarum
Especially good for treating and preventing:
GI pathogens
GI related conditions
Diarrhea
Allergies
Enhances the immune system functions:
Stimulates production of immune cells
Promotes repair of damaged cells

29. Lactobacillus plantarum Research in Children
Feeding autistic children Lactobacillus p. significantly increased
healthy bacteria counts, while significantly reducing pathogenic
bacteria. Results indicated significant differences in stool
consistency and behavior scores compared to baseline.
-Parracho, H., et al. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover-designed probiotic feeding study in children diagnosed with autistic
spectrum disorders. Journal of Probiotics and Prebiotics. 5(2): 69-74, 2010.
The mean number of watery stools (diarrhea) per day was
significantly lower in the group of children receiving probiotics.
-Szymariski, H., et al. Bifidobacterium longum PL03, Lactobacillus rhamnosus KL53A, and Lactobacillus plantarum PL02 in the Prevention of
Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea in Children: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial. Digestion. 78:13-17, 2008.

30. Lactobacillus plantarum Research in Adults
Probiotic treatment increased immune response, reduced
infections, and lowered the mortality in elderly patients in a
residential facility.
-Marie, J., et al. A mixture of Lactobacillus plantarum CECT7315 and CECT7316 enhances systemic immunity in elderly subjects. A dose
response, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized pilot trial. Nutricion Hospitalaria. 26(1): , 2011.
L. plantarum decreased several immune markers related to
allergy, and may have the potential to alleviate the severity of
seasonal allergy symptoms.
-Snei, J., et al. Strain-specific immunomodulatory effects of Lactobacillus plantarum strains on birch-pollen-allergic subjects out of season.
Clinical & Experimental Allergy. 41(2): , 2011.

31. Lactobacillus plantarum Research in Adults
4 weeks of treatment with Lactobacillus plantarum was shown to be
very effective for the relief of symptoms, particularly abdominal pain
and bloating in IBS patients.
-Prabha, D., et al. Evaluation of Lactobacillus plantarum 299v efficacy in IBS: results of a randomized placebo-controlled trial in 200 patients.
Gastroenterology. 138(5, Supplement 1): s617-s617, 2010.

32. Points to Ponder Probiotics are more popular than ever before
Research to support use is growing
Good for adults and children
In the future we may be using probiotics as we use many medications today: with specific strains used for certain clinical situations