1. Preventing Delirium in the Intensive Care Unit
Nathan E. Brummel, MD, Timothy D. Girard, MD, MSCI 
Critical Care Clinics 
Volume 29, Issue 1, Pages (January 2013)
DOI: /j.ccc
Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

2. Fig. 1
Prevalence of delirium in nonpharmacologic delirium prevention trials. Inouye and colleagues22 studied the Hospital Elder Life Program (HELP) protocol in hospitalized elderly, and found a reduction in delirium prevalence from 15% among patients in the usual care group to 9.9% among patients in the intervention group. A similar protocol, studied by Martinez and colleagues,23 used family members to deliver the nonpharmacologic interventions to acutely ill elderly patients, and found a reduction in delirium prevalence from 13.3% in the usual care group to 5.6% in the intervention group. Marcantonio and colleagues24 found that a geriatrics consultation in patients undergoing surgical fixation of hip fractures reduced delirium from 50% in patients not receiving a consultation to 32% in patients who received a consultation.
Critical Care Clinics  , 51-65DOI: ( /j.ccc )
Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

3. Fig. 2
In the MENDS trial, dexmedetomidine significantly reduced the prevalence of delirium over time. The sample size changed with study day as patients were extubated, died, were discharged from the ICU, or did not have delirium assessed.
(From Pandharipande PP, Sanders RD, Girard TD, et al. Effect of dexmedetomidine versus lorazepam on outcome in patients with sepsis: an a priori-designed analysis of the MENDS randomized controlled trial. Crit Care 2010;14(2):R38; with permission.)
Critical Care Clinics  , 51-65DOI: ( /j.ccc )
Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions