1. The Temporomandibular joints, muscles, and teeth, and their Functions
Group 9
Te, Krista Isabella V.
Clemente, Paolo
Domingo, Paolo
Luzadio, Cheery
Gutierrez, Juan Antonio

2. Primary teeth should be in normal alignment
And occlusion shortly after age of 2, with all
the roots fully formed by the time the child is
3 years old.
After a teeth have fully erupted and have
assumed their respective positions in the
arches, the rapid development of the jaws
is sufficient to create a slight space between
some of them.

3. Separation of anterior teeth because of the
process that is caused by the growth of the
jaws and the approach of the permanent
teeth from the lingual side.
TEMPOROMANDIBULAR ARTICULATION
- An example of diathrosis and its movements are a combination of gliding movements and a loose hinge movement.

5. - The osseous portions of the joints are the
anterior portions of the mandibular fossa
and articular eminence of the temporal
bone and the condyloid process of the
mandible.
Articular disc: interposed between the condyle and temporal bone.
* acts as a cushion; for support
* dense collagenous connective tissue

7. MANDIBULAR FOSSA
Oval or oblong depression in the temporal bone just anterior to the auditory candl.
Bounded anterior by the eminentia articularis externally by the middle root of the zygoma and the auditory process and posteriorly by the zygopanic plate of the petrous portion of the bone.

8. CONDYLOID PROCESS
- Convex on all bearing surfaces, althoug somewhat flattened posteriorly, and its knoblike form is wider lateromedially than anteroposteriorly.
- The condyle is perpendicular to the ascending ramus of the mandible.

10. JOINT CAPSULE
TMJ is enclosed in a capsule that is attached at the border of the articulating surfaces of the mandibular fossa and eminence of the temporal bone and to the neck of the mandible.
Anterolateral side of the capsule may be thickened to form a band
→ temporomandibular ligament

11. It appears to originate on the zygomatic arch and to pass backward to attach on the lateral and/ or distal surface of the neck of the mandible.

12. MANDIBULAR LIGAMENT
- Accessory ligament are considered part of the masticatory apparatus, including yellow stylomandibular and sphenomandibular articulation, although they may stabilize the articular system during jaw movements.
- Sphenomandibular ligament: from the angular spine of the sphenoid bone and from the petrotympanic fissures and ends broadly at the lingual of the mandible.

13. Otomandibular ligaments: connect the middle ear and temporomandibular joint.
Articular disc: interarticular dick consists of fibrous tissue shaped to accommodate the shape of the condyle and concavity of the mandibular fossa.
Thicker anteriorly and posteriorly and a central zone.
Superior ad inferior heads of the lateral pterygoid fovea of the mandible w/ a part of the superior head inserting into the disk and capsule.

15. MANDIBULAR POSITIONS
Tooth determined position
Centric relation: defined as maximum intercuspation of the teeth
Centric relation: jaw to jaw relation determined by the condyles position of the mandible in w/c the condyles are in their upperment midmost position in the mandibular fossae and related anteriorly to the distal slope of the articular eminence.

17. - Rest position: postural position of the mandible determined largely by neuramuscular activity and to a lesser degree by the viscoelastic properties of the muscles.

19. MUSCLES
Mastication functions, as well as speaking and swallowing, involve reflex contraction and relaxation of the muscles of mastication whose activity is initiated voluntarily.
The masticatory muscles concerned with mandibular movements include the lateral pterygoid, digastric, masseter, medial pterygoid, and temporalis muscle and also the mylohyoid and the geniohyoid muscles.

20. Lateral Pterygoid Muscle
Origin:
Inferior head: outer surface of lateral pterygoid plate
Upper or superior head: greater sphenoid wing
Insertion: anterior surface of the neck of the condyle.
Note! There is an insertion of some fibers to the capsule of the joint and to the anterior surface of the articular disc.

21. Superior Head Inferior Head Action: Inervation: nerve V
The Lateral Pterygoid is anatomically suited for protraction, depression and contra lateral abduction and may also be active during other movements for joint stabilization.
Superior Head
Inferior Head
Active during various jaw-closing movements only as chewing, clenching of teeth and during swallowing.
Positions or stabilize the condylar head and discs against the articular eminence during mandibular closing
Active during jaw-opening movements and protrusion only
Assists the translation of the condyle downward, anteriorly, and contra laterally during jaw opening.

22. Masseter Muscle
Origin: from zygomatic arch to ramus and body of the mandible.
Insertion: from the region of the second molar on the lateral surface of the mandible to the posterior lateral surface or the ramus.
The superficial part of the masseter muscle is separated distinctly only from the deeper layer of the muscle at the posterior upper part of the muscle.

23. Is affected by emotions and is active in facial expressions.
Partial coverings:
Platysma Muscle
Activated during firm clenching in some individuals and sometimes active in facial expressions (because it has some insertion in the orbicular muscle)
Risorius Muscle
Is affected by emotions and is active in facial expressions.
The masseter muscle is covered partly and to a variable degree with the parotid gland tissue.

24. Action:
Active during forceful jaw closing and may assist in protrusion of the mandible.
The center of lower third of the masseter muscle is about 2 to 3 cm from the anterior border sternocleidomastoid muscle, which contracts during clenching in some individuals.
Innervation: fifth nerve (masseter nerve)
Zygomaticomandibular Muscle
Origin: Inner surface of the zygomatic arch
Insertion: Coronoid process
It may be an antagonist to the posterior temporalis and a synergist for the lateral pterygoid muscle.

25. Medial Pterygoid Muscle
Origin: Medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate and from the palatine bone
Insertion: medial surface of the angle of the mandible and on the ramus up to the mandibular foramen.

26. Innervation: a branch of the mandibular division of the fifth nerve.
Action:
Elevation and lateral positioning of the mandible
Active during protrusion
Innervation: a branch of the mandibular division of the fifth nerve.

27. Temporalis Muscle Fan shaped muscle that passes the zygomatic arch
Origin: temporal fossa
Insertion: anterior border and mesial surface of the coronoid process of the mandible and along the anterior border of the ascending ramus of the mandible.
The anterior fibers extends along the anterior ramus almost to the third molar.

28. Principal positioner of the mandible during elevation.
Innervation: temporal branches of the mandibular division of the fifth nerve.
The muscle has 3 component parts and appears to behave as if it consisted of 3 distinct parts.
Action:
Principal positioner of the mandible during elevation.
Posterior Part
Anterior Part
Active in retruding the mandible
Act as an antagonist to the masseter in retruding jaw
Active in clenching
Act as a synergist with the masseter in clenching

29. Digastric Muscle
There is a tendon between the anterior and posterior digastric muscle that is attached by a hooplike strip of fascia to the hyoid bone
The attachment of the anterior digastric muscle is at or near the lower border of the mandible and near the midline
The anterior digastric muscle is covered by platysma muscle, and beneath lie the mylohyoid and geniohyoid muscles.
All of these muscles are considered to be active during various jaw opening.
Innervation:
Anterior digastric muscle: A mylohyoid branch of the mandibular division of the fifth nerve
posterior digastric muscle: The digastric branch of the fascia nerve