1. Punic Wars

2. The Roman Army All citizens were required to serve Army was powerful:
Organization & fighting skill
Legion- military unit of 5,000 infantry (foot soldiers) supported by cavalry (horseback)

3. Rome Spreads its Power
Romans defeat Etruscans in north and Greek city-states in south
Treatment of Conquered:
Forge alliances
Offer citizenship
By 265 B.C., Rome controls Italian peninsula

4. Ensuring Success
Roman citizens usually made good soldiers because they were brought up to value loyalty, courage, and respect for authority.
If a soldier showed courage he usually was praised and promoted.
If a unit fled during battle 1 out of 10 soldiers in the legion were put to death.

5. Conquered Lands
Conquered lands were usually granted a great deal of privileges.
Could keep their customs, money, and local governments as long as they paid taxes, were loyal to Rome and supplied the Roman army with troops.

6. Protection and Unification
To protect its conquests, Roman soldiers were stationed throughout the land.
Roads were built to link distant territories to Rome.
Latin language emerged as the spoken language

7. Driving Question
What impact did the wars with Carthage have in shaping Rome

8. Lesson Goals
Students will be able to identify the causes of the Punic Wars
Students will be able to describe the effects of each of the three Punic Wars

9. Carthage had been founded as Phoenician colony 500 years earlier
Dispute over control of Sicily and trade routes in the western Mediterranean brought Rome into conflict with the powerful North African city-state of Carthage
Carthage had been founded as Phoenician colony 500 years earlier
Result was the three Punic Wars BC

10. FIRST PUNIC WAR Primarily a naval war Carthage had a great navy
Rome had small navy and little experience in naval warfare
Defeated time and time again by larger and more experienced Carthaginian navy

11. ROME WINS THE FIRST ONE Rome would not surrender
Finally turned the tables on Carthage by changing rules of naval warfare
Equipped ships with huge hooks and stationed soldiers on ships
Would hook enemy ship, pull it nearby, and board it with soldiers
Converted naval warfare into mini-land battles
Something Rome was very good at
Won First Punic War as a result

12. Punic Wars ( B.C.)
2nd Punic War- Carthaginian General Hannibal’s “surprise” attack through Spain & France
60,000 soldiers and 60 elephants
Romans experience severe losses, but eventually ward off attacks & invade North Africa
The destruction of Carthage during the Punic Wars. New York Public Library Picture Collection

13. SECOND PUNIC WAR
Carthagian general Hannibal surprises Romans, leads army from Spain, through southern France and the Alps, and invades Italy from the north
Defeats Roman armies sent to stop him several times but hesitates to attack Rome itself
Too well fortified
Settles instead on war of attrition in hope of destroying Roman economic base

14. ROME WINS THIS ONE TOO
Unable to defeat Hannibal in Italy, a Roman army sailed across the Mediterranean, landed in North Africa, and headed for Carthage
Led by patrician general Scipio Aemilius Africanus
Hannibal forced to leave Italy to protect Carthage
Defeated at the Battle of Zama, fought outside the walls of Carthage
Hannibal

15. Punic Wars (264-146 B.C.) 3rd Punic War- Rome seizes Carthage
Scipio- Roman Strategist
Conquered people sold into slavery
The destruction of Carthage during the Punic Wars. New York Public Library Picture Collection

16. THIRD PUNIC WAR Carthage finished after Second Punic War
Hannibal committed suicide
Economy shattered
Lost all territory to Rome
But some Romans feared it might revive someday and challenge Rome again
Notably Cato the Elder
Pushed for another war that would wipe Carthage off the face of the map
Cato the Elder

17. ROME WINS A THIRD TIME
Due to Cato’s persistent efforts, Rome declares war against defenseless Carthage
Wins easily
Entire population of city sold into slavery
Everything of value carried back to Rome
Everything else burned and dumped into the sea
Site sown with salt so that nothing would ever grow there again
Carthage completely disappeared

18. What did we learn about the Punic Wars?