1. Environmental Safeguard Requirement of ProjectBy
Rajan Kumar Shrestha
Environmental Specialist

2. Organization of Presentation
Why Environmental Safeguard for Projects
Project Classification Criteria
Environmental Consideration during Project Cycles
Environmental Assessment
Environmental Consideration During Impact Identification
Glimpse of Impact Due to Road Construction
Adverse Impacts & Mitigation Measures
Environmental Management Plan/Site Specific EMP (Sample)
Monitoring Indicators in Implementation Phase
Integration of Environmental Safeguard in Project
Forestry clearance procedures for Project

3. Why Environmental Safeguard for Project
To fulfill the legal requirements as stipulated in EPA, 2053 and EPR, 2054,GoN
Apart from the EPA and EPR, the Forest Act (1993) and Regulation (1995) requires permission from related authorities for any intervention in forest area.
To fulfill requirements of Donor (WB/ADB/DFID) Safeguard Policy
ADB: Safeguard Policy Statement 2009
WB: Environmental and Social Framework 2018
DFID Policy: Adapted from DFID Environment Guide (2003).

4. Project Classification Criteria
I EPA EPR: The project classification criteria largely depend on the basis of proposal size. The Schedule-1 and Schedule-2 under Rule 3 of EPR categories the proposals requiring IEE and EIA respectively.वातावरण-संरक्षण-नियमावली.pdf II Sensitive Area Criteria: For this purpose, inclusion of the project area within the sensitive area (protected area) will be checked. III. Capital Investment Criteria: Schedule 1 (J) of EPR 1997, states that the operation of any plan, project or programme of any development work, physical activities or change in land use with a cost of Rs.50 millions to Rs. 250 millions require IEE study except the proposal mentioned in Clause (A) to (I)

5. Environmental Consideration during Project Cycles
Consideration of Environmental Safeguards
Project identification
Pre-feasibility study
Environmental screening
Decide whether the project need IEE or EIA or none of both
Feasibility study
Project with IEE study, Undertake preliminary environmental assessment (IEE for ToR)
Project with EIA study, Undertake scoping, Prepare ToR for EIA
Undertake IEE/EIA study (…… section for steps)
Baseline data collection
Identification of impacts
Propose mitigation measures and estimate cost
Prepare monitoring plan and estimate cost
Preparation of EMP

6. Detail design/cost estimate/contract package
Field verification and updating of EMP
Estimate cost to mitigate the analyzed impacts
Include environmental mitigation measures cost in engineering cost estimate
Project implementation
Integrate environmental activities with engineering activities to ensure EMP implementation
Implementation of EMP and measures
Undertake monitoring
Provide feedbacks to the implementation team
Consider feedbacks in implementation
Prepare monitoring report
Project operation & maintenance
Undertake ongoing monitoring
Provide feedbacks
Consider feedbacks for implementation
Carry out auditing
Undertake environmental auditing for EIA level projects after two years of project commencement.

7. Level of Environmental Study as Per EPA, EPR in Road Sector
S.N
Proposals requiring IEE
Proposals requiring EIA 1
New construction of District roads
National highways 2
New construction of Urban roads
Major feeder roads 3
National highways and feeder roads improvement, rehabilitation and reconstruction
Construction of more than 50 km long ropeways 4
Construction of 5 to 50 km long ropeways
Construction of more than 5 km long cable car 5
Construction of 1 to 5 km long cable car
Clearance of forest area more than 5 Hectares 6
Construction of major bridge
Any Projects which is to be constructed within Sensitive Area
(Historical, Cultural and Archaeological; Ecologically Sensitive and
Wetland Area; National Park, Wildlife Sanctuaries and Conservation
Area 7
Constructions of tunnels 8
Improvement, up grading and reconstruction of national highways and feeder roads

8. IEE/EIA Approval Process
Proposal from Proponents (with Baseline Information)
Incorporate EMP recommendations into Detail Design/BoQ
EIA Required
Scoping
15 day notice
Prepare TOR
Approval of TOR by MOFE
EIA Study Including Public Hearing
Prepare EIA Report Including EMP
Submit EIA Report to Concern ministry for review
Submit EIA to MoFE
Public Notice for Review of EIA
Approval of EIA by MoFE
Monitor EMP Compliance during Construction
Screening
(Based on EPR Schedule)
Field Verification (Screening Checklist)
IEE Required
Prepare TOR by Proponent
Approval of ToR by Concern Ministry
Prepare IEE Report Including EMP
Approval by Concern Ministry
IEE/EIA Approval Process 8

9. Environmental Assessment
Project Description
Project Activities:
Baseline data collection: Physical, biological and socio-economic and cultural environment IEE Field Format_Final.doc
Review of literature (reports, maps etc)
Walk over/ walk through survey/inspections/observations, Survey format
Making measurements, Test
Focus group discussion with communities and other stakeholders

10. Environmental Consideration During Impact Identification
Physical Impact
Land use patterns
Damage to natural landscape
Spoils thrown onto water sources, agriculture land, forest area
Disturb to natural drainage patterns consequently pouring of surface runoff
Air, Noise and Water pollution
Operation of quarry/borrow sites
Slope instability,landslide, erosion
Impact due to establishment and demolition of construction camps
Impact due to stockpiling of construction material and locations
Crusher plant
Bitumen Plant, Batching plant

11. Biological Impact Forest area clearance area
Number of felling of forest trees and vegetation
Disturbances to wildlife , habitat, corridor
Disturbance to wetlands of bird habitat
Felling of protected tree species
Disturbance to aquatic ecosystem

12. Socio-economic and Cultural Impact
Loss of private land, standing crops, and farm trees
Loss of private structure
Loss of community as well as cultural structures (Irrigation canal, water supply, Electric pole, access road, foot trail, Chautara , temple & monument
Livelihoods (water mills, employment & income)
Public health & safety

13. Glimpse of Impact Due to Road Construction

14. Change in Land Use Pattern

15. Depletion of Forest/Forest resources

16. Loss of Private and Public Properties

17. Spoil Disposal

18. Control of landslide and slope failures

19. Due to surface Water

21. Disruption of Irrigation canal

22. Agricultural field and irrigation canal affected by road construction

23. Air Pollution

24. Strip Map Showing Issues of Project

25. Adverse Impacts & Mitigation Measures
Examples of Potential Impacts and Proposed Mitigation Measures.docx

26. Environmental Management Plan
The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is a guide to help in implementing augmenting beneficial impacts and minimizing adverse impacts.
. The EMP :
Identification issues on environment (i.e. beneficial and adverse impacts);
Selection of realistic mitigation measures;
Institutional role and responsibility;
Provision of monitoring;
Implementation schedule:
Cost for implementing the EMP.
Integration of EMP into the project’s design,, specifications, cost estimates, bid documents/BoQ, contract/agreement clauses.

27. Site Specific EMP (Sample)
Chainage
Location
Issues/Significance
Likely Potential Impact
Suggested Mitigation Measures
BoQ/Cost
Time of Action
Respon-sibility
2+090
Bahun Gaun
Scouring: Water from rivulet crosses the road and scours.
Induce land slides/ erosion and
Gully formation
Masonry line drain approx. 50 m length
20 cum /NRs.200,000
During construction
Proponent/Contractor
2+400
River Crossing: Risheshwor / Khaire river crosses the road and has started bank cutting.
Wash away road and cultivated land.
Gabion wall and tree plantation on both sides of road.
Client/Contractor

28. Cost of compensatory plantationDo
Forest: The road is narrow. There is community forestry on both sides of road.
25 trees needs to be cut.
Permission from MOFE/DFO/CFUG is taken, Tree plantation at a rate of 1:25 along road side between to 4+270
Cost of compensatory plantation
During construction
DFO/Client
9+480 to 9+500
Land Slide: A landslide 15 m high and 20 m wide is present here.
Re-occurrence of landslide will damage the road and house situated on the other side.
Gabion wall 4 m high and 20 m long for toe protection, grassing vertically for efficient drainage.

29. Access Trail: There is an access trail to Ramche gaun.
9+560
Ramche Dobato
Access Trail: There is an access trail to Ramche gaun.
Difficulty in movement.
Improvement of access foot trail by stone pitching for 15 m (3 m3) and leveling.
During construction
9+880 to
Sitapur
Low lying area: The area is low lying that could lead to inundation
Risk to damage the road, blockage of side drain
Hume pipe installation, embankment height 0.5 m lower in this section
10+100
Dadagaun
Drinking Water Tap: Water tap with 1 inch GI pipe is installed within 2 m from centre line. 25 HH use this tap for drinking and household water.
Damage to the pipe will interrupt water supply for 25 HH
Tap will be relocated 20 m towards the road end, where there is a small parcel of barren land.

30. Monitoring Indicators in Implementation Phase
S.N
Type of Environment
Monitoring Indicator 1.
Physical
Land degradation (e.g. salinization, acidification, alkalinization, soil pH)
Slope instability (e.g no. and size of landslides, slope failure);
Scares formation (e.g. damage of aesthetic value in a ropani/kattha land);
Loss of agricultural land (e.g. conversion of farmland into infrastructure, such as road, canal in ha);
Induced erosion and sedimentation (e.g. rate of soil loss and runoff, erosion mt/ha);
Alteration in streams;
Erosion on stream banks and valley sides (e.g. slightly, moderately, severely);
Damage through spoils (e.g. slightly, moderately, severely, area in ha)
Fugitive dust problems (e.g. slightly, moderately, severely);

31. Biological environment
Effect on natural growth (e.g. damage of natural forest);
Effect on managed growth (e.g. damage of planted forest);
Loss of forest/tree species (e.g. no. of felled trees)
Loss of bushes and habitats (e.g. conversion of bushes area in ha.);
Poaching of mammals, and birds (e.g. no. of types of mammals and birds poaching);
Social, economic, cultural environment
Site accidents (e.g no. of minor, medium and major accidients);
Members of public (passing routes) (e.g No of pedestrian);
HIV (e.g. no. of labour infected);
Effect on indigenous people (e.g. effect on manjhi);
Labour opportunities (e.g. employment days/year);
Economic status (e.g. income Rs/year/hh);
Damage to home (e.g. no. of houses damage);
Damage to Chautara, Pawti Pauwaa, graveyard, monument, shrine, architectural sculpture; and
Damage to temple, shrine, monumental painting, cave or wall.

32. Environmental Monitoring Checklist

33. Disturbance of Biodiversity and Wildlife

34. Mitigation Measures Sample of Overpass Afforestation
Reinstate of Irrigation canal

35. Integration of Environmental Safeguard in Project
Safeguard Screening
Integration of Safeguard works in BoQ
Bid Invitation
Regular Monitoring
Grievance handling
Implementation of EMP- VCDP-GAP
Formation of Committees
IEE/EIA&S-EMP
Assistance distribution-Deed Transfer
Civil Contract Award
Field Assessment-Baseline/Impact record
Collection of recommendation/consent
Site clearance
(forest/structures/utilities

36. Forestry clearance procedures for ProjectSN
Action
Responsibility 1
Identification of forest area needed for road project
Project 2
Permission from DNPWC/MoFE to conduct EA 3
Preparation of IEE/EIA study 4
Approval of IEE/EIA
Concerned Ministry/MoFE 5
Determination of national priority project
NPC 6
Request letter to MoFE to forest/ tree cutting, verification report
Project through Ministry, DOF/DFO 7
Forestry clearance approval
GoN (Cabinet) through MoFE 8
Tree marking, felling and transportation
Project with DFO/Warden/CFUG 9
Sale of felled trees
DFO/Warden /CFUG 10
Compensatory plantation work
Project or DFO/Warden/CFUG 11
Monitoring of compensatory plantation
MoFE/concerned Ministry

37. THANK YOU Rajan Kumar Shrestha E-mail: rkshrestha11@gmail.com
Tel: (M)