1. Cell Processes

2. Cell Transport

3. Cell Transport Definition:
The movement of substances within a cell, and the movement of substances into and out of a cell.
Example: Animal Cell:
Into the Cell 
Out of Cell 
C6H12O6 + O2
CO2 + H2O
2 Types:
Passive Transport & Active Transport
The Simple Difference:
Active transport requires energy and
passive transport does not

4. Passive Transport Definition:
When substances moves into and out of a cell without the use of energy (ATP)
Random motion of molecules leads to dispersal
Requires:
2 Types:
Diffusion
Osmosis

5. Diffusion Definition:
When substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
What is concentration?

6. Equilibrium Definition:
When there is an equal concentration of substances spread throughout an area or container.

7. Fart Molecules equally spread out throughout the classroom
Before After
Low
Concentration
of Fart Molecules
Fart Molecules equally spread out throughout the classroom
High Concentration
Of Fart Molecules

8. Osmosis Definition: A form of Passive Transport Diffusion in water:
When different concentrations of dissolved substances in water (a solution) causes water to move from one area to another
3 Types of solutions :
1. Hypertonic
2. Hypotonic
3. Isotonic

9. Key Points for Osmosis….
What Moves?
Water
The substance dissolved in water which can be sugar, salt, urine etc…
What Happens?
Water typically moves to the dissolved substance.
Example… put salt on an eggplant and water will move out of the eggplant to the salt.

10. 1. Hypertonic Solution After Before Water Salt High conc. -
Low conc. -
Inside the cell
High conc. -
Low conc. -
Outside the cell
Outside the cell
Inside the cell
Overall Water moves out of the cell
Overall Salt moves into the cell

11. 2. Hypotonic Solution Before After Water Sugar High conc. -
Low conc. -
Outside the cell
High conc. -
Low conc. -
Inside the cell
Inside the cell
Outside the cell
Overall Water moves into the cell
Overall Sugar moves out of the cell

12. 3. Isotonic Solution
Same concentration of salt/sugar inside and outside the cell. Molecules continue to move, but overall stay in equilibrium.

13. Osmosis in Animal Cells
Details:
Animal cells have a flexible membrane which can expand and contract.

14. Osmosis in Animal Cells
Hypotonic
Hypertonic

15. Osmosis in Animal Cells
Hypotonic
Hypertonic
Crenation
The shrinking of a cell due to a hypertonic solution.
Cytolysis:
The expansion of a cell due to a hypotonic solution. In some cases the cell may burst.

16. This is a freshwater gold fish
This is a freshwater gold fish. What issues will it experience in saltwater and pure water?

17. Osmosis in Plant Cells Details:
Different than animal cells because of a rigid outer wall known as the cell wall. The support of the cell wall prevents the plant cell from major changes in shape and size.

18. Osmosis in Plant Cells
Hypotonic
Hypertonic

19. Osmosis in Plant Cells Hypotonic Hypertonic Turgor Pressure
The expansion of the cell membrane causes the cell wall to bend outward. Helps to keep a plant upright.
Plasmolysis:
The shrinking of the cell membrane causes the cell wall to bend inward. When a plant starts to wilt.

20. Faciliated Diffusion Definition:
Large molecules cannot flow through the cell membrane
Transport proteins

21. Active Transport Definition:
When a cell uses energy to move substances.
Moving substances from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration
Example:
When a paramecium excretes water from its contractile vacuole

22. Types of Liquids Cell Solution
A solution of water and dissolved substances found in a “typical cell. Typically, cells have a small amount of dissolved salt, sugar, wastes, etc..
94% water, 6% salt, sugar, and wastes
94% water
2% sugar
2% wastes
2% salt

23. Types of Liquids Pure Water
Water with no salt or other dissolved substances (100% water)
Also known as distilled water
Salt Solution
A solution of water and salt with a high concentration of salt. (80% water, 20% salt)

24. What will happen in the following situation?

26. How are the two diagrams different
How are the two diagrams the same?

27. Background information for lab experiments:
Molasses is a simple sugar (small molecule)
Iodine is an indicator for starch
Iodine which is yellow/orange turns starch black
Starch is a large molecule, made up of many small sugars
Potatoes are made of cells (duh)
Answer the conclusion questions in full sentences. If there is a key term (ex. hypotonic, equilibrium, etc...) circle the key term in the sentence.

28. Lab A: Starch and Iodine

29. Lab B: Molasses and Water

30. Lab C: Potato in Potato in Distilled Water Saltwater

31. Cell Transport Passive Active Diffusion Osmosis Hypertonic Hypotonic
High to Low
Low to High
Passive
Active
In Air
In Water
Diffusion
Osmosis
High Conc of water in the cell
High Conc of water outside the cell
Same Conc
Inside and outside
Hypertonic
Hypotonic
Isotonic
In an Animal
In a Plant
In an Animal
In a Plant
Crenation
Plasmolysis
Cytolysis
Turgor Pressure

32. High to Low
Low to High
Movement of other molecules
Movement of Water
High Conc of water in the cell
High Conc of water outside the cell
Same Conc
Inside and outside
In an Animal
In a Plant
In an Animal
In a Plant

33. Respiration

34. Photosynthesis Sun + 6CO2 + 6H2O 6O2 + C6H12O6 Creates glucose (sugar)
Uses the sun as the energy source
Sun
+ 6CO2
+ 6H2O
6O2
+ C6H12O6
Energy source
Enters through the stomata
Enters through the roots
Oxygen released through the stomata
Used in respiration
Some sugar is turned into starch for long term storage

35. Respiration 6O2 + C6H12O6 ATP + 6CO2 + 6H2O Release of chemical energy
Occurs in each and every cell of your body
6O2
+ C6H12O6
ATP
+ 6CO2
+ 6H2O
Enters through your respiratory system
Enters through your digestive system
Energy
Leaves through your lungs
Some reused, some leave through your excretory system.
Breathing brings in oxygen
Eating brings in sugar
Energy is released for the body to use
Carbon Dioxide and Water are released as waste.

36. 2 types of Respiration Aerobic Respiration:
Oxygen is used in this type of respiration
More efficient and more energy is released
Anaerobic Respiration:
Respiration without oxygen
Less efficient and less energy
Fermentation:
Yeast break down sugar in bread to release carbon dioxide
Lactic Acid Production:
Occurs in your muscles when they cannot get enough oxygen.