Industrial Safety & General Awareness

Industrial Safety & General Awareness

Objectives To create understanding of Industrial Safety
To create General Awareness of Industrial Safety Labels and other forms of warnings Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) Information and training Health Hazards

Properties of Hazardous & Toxic Chemicals Safe handling Procedure Causes & Prevention of accidents First Aid

Chemical Hazard What is a Chemical Hazard? Chemical Hazards
Answer: Any chemical that can cause illness, injury, or an emergency. Chemical Hazards Physical Health Industrial Safety Lecture Three 6/3/2019

Chemical Hazards Industrial Safety Lecture Three 6/3/2019

Categories of Hazardous Chemicals
Corrosive (HCl , H2SO4 , HNO3 , NH4OH, KOH ) Flammable (Acetone, Nitromethane, Isopropyl alcohol) Toxic (Lead, Mercury, Hydrofluoric acid, Chlorine gas) Reactive (Phosphorus halides, Alkyl metals Na, Toluene diisocynate) Biological (infectious eg . Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi, etc.) Carcinogen (Arsenic, Benzene, Cadmium, Vinyl Chloride, Radon, Hexavalent Chromium(VI) compounds ) Radioactive ( Radon, Uranium Hexafluoride , etc. )

Chemical Hazards Pyrophoric (Spontaneously ignite in air)
Flammable Chemicals Combustible Chemicals Oxidizers Industrial Safety Lecture Three 6/3/2019

Properties of Hazardous & toxic chemicals
Ignitability – liquids that have a flash point of less than 60◦C Corrosivety –liquids have PH ≤ 2 or ≥ 12.5 Reactivity – substance that are unstable, react with violently with water. Toxicity -

Chemical Exposure Severity & Duration
“Acute” effects usually occur rapidly as a result of short-term exposures, and are of short duration “Chronic” effects generally occur as a result of long-term exposure, and are of long duration

Corrosive Visible destruction, or irreversible damage to body tissue Acids Caustics (or bases) Caustics (or bases) pH Scale Acids 1 7 14

Inhalation - Absorbtion - Ingestion - Injection -
Routes of Exposure Inhalation - Absorbtion - Ingestion - Injection - Inhalation - most common Skin absorption Ingestion Injection

Health Hazards Toxicity vs. hazard - toxicity is used to describe the ability of the substance to cause a harmful effect. Everything is toxic at some dose.

Health Hazards Sensitizers Target-Organ Chemicals Reproductive Hazards
Carcinogens Industrial Safety Lecture Three 6/3/2019

Health Hazards Irritants Corrosives Industrial Safety Lecture Three
6/3/2019

Chemical Health Effects
Irritants: Inflame skin tissue on contact. Corrosives: Destroy skin tissue at point of contact. Sensitizers: Cause allergic reactions. Target-Organ Chemicals: Damage specific body organs and systems. Reproductive Hazards: Change genetic information in egg or sperm cells and/or damage fetus after conception.(Mutagens- substance that change genetic mutation ) (Teratogen - substance that cause malformation of an embryo or birth defect ) Carcinogens: Cause cancer. Industrial Safety Lecture Three 6/3/2019

Hepatotoxins Chemicals which produce liver damage
Signs and Symptoms: Jaundice, liver enlargement Chemicals: Carbon Tetrachloride, nitrosamines

Nephrotoxins Chemicals which produce kidney damage
Signs and Symptoms: Edema Chemicals: Halogenated Hydrocarbons, uranium Edema abnormal accumulation of fluid in joints, but can be caused by a variety of other exposures, tight bandages etc...

Neurotoxins Chemicals which produce their primary toxic effects on the nervous system Signs and Symptoms: Narcosis, behavioral changes, decreased motor function Chemicals: Mercury, carbon disulfide, lead

Agents which act on the blood
Decrease hemoglobin function, deprive the body tissues of oxygen Signs and Symptoms: Cyanosis, loss of consciousness Chemicals: Carbon monoxide, cyanides Cyanosis: blue skin

Agents which damage the lungs
Chemicals which damage pulmonary tissue Signs and Symptoms: Cough, tightness in the chest, loss of breath Chemicals: Asbestos, silica

Reproductive toxins Chemicals which damage reproductive capabilities
Includes chromosomal damage (mutations) and damage to fetuses (teratogenesis) Signs and Symptoms: Birth defects, sterility Chemicals: Lead

Cutaneous hazards Chemicals which effect the dermal layer of the body
Signs and Symptoms: Defatting of the skin, rashes, irritation Chemicals: Ketones, chlorinated compounds

Eye hazards Chemicals which affect the eye or visual capacity
Signs and symptoms: Conjunctivitis, corneal damage, blurred vision, burning or irritation Chemicals: Solvents, corrosives

Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) are one of the most important tools
available to employers for providing information, and protection to workers from hazardous chemicals which are used in the workplace. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) This section will cover the format and content of MSDS most important sections exposure limits physical properties PPE emergency procedures

1910.1200 (g)(2) MSDS, required information
Identity of the chemical Physical and chemical characteristics Physical hazards Chemical hazards Primary routes of entry PEL’s or other exposure limits Control measures Emergency procedures Whether the hazardous chemical is listed in the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Annual Report on Carcinogens precautions for safe handling and use Date of preparation Name, address and telephone of the manufacturer

Safe Chemical Handling

Working with Toxic chemicals
Keep containers closed when not in use Keep away from ignition sources Avoid contact with incompatible materials (Substances that should not be stored near each other because any contact between them cause a explosion. Eg. Sodium metal with water, in which hydrogen gas form which is explosive ) Only transfer to approved containers Bond all (A certificate of debt) receiving containers. Clean up spills and dispose of waste properly

Working with Toxic chemicals
7. An explosion occurs when a material undergoes a rapid reaction that result in a violent release of energy. 8. Use the minimum amounts of hazardous materials with adequate shielding and personal protection. 9.Keep emergency equipment at hand.

ACCIDENT & INJURY PREVENTION
a. An unexpected and undesirable event, especially one resulting in damage or harm: car accidents on icy roads. b. An unforeseen incident: A series of happy accidents led to his promotion. c. An instance of involuntary urination or defecation in one's clothing. 2. Lack of intention; chance: ran into an old friend by accident. 3. Logic A circumstance or attribute that is not essential to the nature of something.

Types of Accidents FALL TO CAUGHT CONTACT WITH BODILY REACTION FROM
same level lower level CAUGHT in on between CONTACT WITH chemicals electricity heat/cold radiation BODILY REACTION FROM voluntary motion involuntary motion

Types of Accidents (continued)
STRUCK Against stationary or moving object protruding object sharp or jagged edge By moving or flying object falling object RUBBED OR ABRADED BY friction pressure vibration

Accident Causing Factors
Basic Causes Management Environmental Equipment Human Behavior Indirect Causes Unsafe Acts Unsafe Conditions Direct Causes Slips, Trips, Falls Caught In Run Over Chemical Exposure Normally three cause levels: Most accidents are preventable by eliminating one or more causes. At the lowest level, an accident results only when a person or object receives an amount of energy or hazardous material that cannot be absorbed safely. This energy or hazardous material is the DIRECT CAUSE of the accident. The direct cause is usually the result of one or more unsafe acts or unsafe conditions, or both. Unsafe acts and conditions are the INDIRECT CAUSES or symptoms. In turn, indirect causes are usually traceable to poor management policies and decisions, or to personal or environmental factors. These are the BASIC CAUSES.

Unsafe Conditions Unsafe Acts Policy & Procedures
Environmental Conditions Equipment/Plant Design Human Behavior Basic Causes Indirect Causes Unsafe Conditions Unsafe Acts Slip/Trip Fall Energy Release Pinched Between Direct Causes Accidents are usually complex. May have10 or more events that can be causes. ACCIDENT Personal Injury Property Damage Potential/Actual

Accident Prevention Program
Must Be Written Tailored to particular hazards for a particular plant or operation Minimum Elements Safety Orientation Program Safety and Health Committee

Safety Orientation Description of Total Safety Program Safe Practices for Initial Job Assignment How and When to Report Injuries Location of First Aid Facilities in Workplace How to Report Unsafe Conditions & Practices Use and Care of PPE Emergency Actions Identification of hazardous materials

Designated Safety and Health Committee Management Representatives Employee Elected Representatives Max. 1 year Must be equal # or more employee representatives than employer representatives Elected Chairperson Self-determine frequency of meetings 1 hour or less unless majority votes Minutes Keep for 1 Year Available for review by OSHA Personnel 11 or more employees (one work location) shall have a designated safety committee. Fewer than 11 employees may have safety meetings. MONTHLY

Safety Meeting instead of Safety Committee If less than 11 employees Total Per shift Per location Meet at least once/month 1 Management Representative

Safety Meeting You Must Review inspection reports
Evaluate accident investigations Evaluate APP and discuss recommendations Document attendance and topics

Safety Committees McGill University Office of Safety Phone Dialog.

Safety Committees Proactive Safety Meetings should not be cancelled
They should meet as often as necessary This will depend on volume of production and conditions such as Number of employees Size of workplace covered Nature of work undertaken on site Type of hazards and degree of risk Meetings should not be cancelled

Safety Committees The Goal of the committee is to facilitate a safe workplace Objectives that guide a committee towards the goal include: Motivate, educate and train at all levels to ID, Reduce, & Avoid Hazards Incorporate safety into every aspect of the organization Create a culture where each person is responsible for safety of self and others Encourage and utilize ideas from all sources Safety controls must be designed into every aspect of an organization. Must be a company vision - a value. Goal is to invoke desired change. Intervention. Positive Reinforcement. Action.

Four points to Remember:
Communication: Must be a loop system Dedication: From everyone Partnership: Between Management and Employees Participation: An important part of team working.

How effective can a Committee be?
Depends on the way they function within the organisation – DOES MANAGEMENT SUPPORT! Adequate time and $. Motivation level of committee members -Dedication to being effective (not just serving time). Encouraging proactive measures from all personnel System for communicating with personnel

Safety Committee Policy Statement
A written and publicized statement is an effective means of providing guidance and demonstrating commitment Keeps committee focused, Identifies to employees what your intent and purpose are.

Hazard Controls Source Path Receiver Source:
Substitute less harmful substance (halogenated solvents -Citrus cleaner) Path: Use a paint-brush applicator rather than spray applications Receiver: Respirator, Gloves, Splash Goggles

Protective Equipment/Clothing
Hazard Control Administrative Engineering Protective Equipment/Clothing ENGINEERING CONTROLS - engineered safeguards to: 1. protect employees 2. prevent exposure to hazards Examples: machine guards, safety controls, isolation of hazardous areas, monitoring devices ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS - use of procedures to 1. monitor safe practices and environments 2. identify & correct new hazards 3. Safety Committee Examples: periodic inspections, equipment operating procedures , maintenance procedures, JHA selection & assignment of personal protective equipment, TRAINING Training Controls - used to ensure employees are fully and adequately trained to safely perform all tasks to which they are assigned 1. Safety Training is mandatory 2. No employee is to attempt any task without proper training in the equipment used, required personal protective equipment, specific hazards and control & emergency procedures. periodic refresher training PROTECTIVE CLOTHING/EQUIPMENT - Used when Engineering & Administrative controls not adequate protection.

Engineering Hazard Elimination Add-On Safety Design “Active” vs. “Passive” User Instructions (Manual) Ventilation Design/Layout Safety Devices The first cardinal rule of hazard control (safe design) is "hazard elimination" or "inherent safety." That is, if practical, one should control (eliminate or minimize) potential hazards by designing them out of products and facilities "on the drawing board." This is accomplished through the use of such interrelated techniques as "hazard removal, hazard substitution, and/or hazard attenuation," through the use of the principles and techniques of system and product safety engineering, system and product safety management, and human factors engineering, beginning with the concept and initial planning stages of the system design process. The second cardinal rule of hazard control (safe design) is the minimization of system hazards through the use of add-on "safety devices" or "safety features" engineered or designed into products or facilities "on the drawing board" to prevent the exposure of product or facility users to inherent potential hazards or dangerous combinations of hazards; called "extrinsic safety." A sample of such devices would include shields or barriers that guard or enclose hazards, component interlocks, pressure relief valves, stairway handrails, and passive vehicle occupant restraint and crashworthiness systems. Passive vs. Active Hazard Controls. A principle that applies equally to the first two cardinal rules of safe design is that of "passive vs. active" hazard control. Simply, a passive control is a control that works without requiring the continuous or periodic involvement or action of system users. An active control, in contrast, requires the system operator or user to "do something" before system use, continuously or periodically during system operation in order for the control to work and avoid injury. Passive controls are "automatic" controls, whereas active controls can be thought of as "manual" controls. Passive controls are unquestionably more effective than active controls. The third cardinal rule of hazard control (safe design) is the control of hazards through the development of warnings and instructions; that is, through the development and effective communication of safe system use (and maintenance) methods and procedures that first warn persons of the associated system dangers that may potentially be encountered under reasonably foreseeable conditions of system use, misuse, or service, and then instruct them regarding the precise steps that must be followed to cope with or avoid such dangers. This third approach must only be used after all reasonably feasible design and safeguarding opportunities (first and second rule applications) have been exhausted. Further, it must be recognized that the (attempted) control of system hazards through the use of warnings and instructions, the least effective method of hazard control, requires the development of a variety of state-of-the-art communication methods and materials to assure that such warnings and instructions are received and understood by system users. Among other things, the methods and materials used to communicate required safe use or operating methods and procedures must give adequate attention to the nature and potential severity of the hazards involved, as well as reasonably anticipated user capabilities and limitations (human factors). Briefly stated, the cardinal rules of hazard control involve system design, the use of physical safeguards, and user training. Further, it must be thoroughly understood that no safety device equals the elimination of a hazard on the drawing board, and no safety procedure equals the use of an effective safety device. This approach has been advocated by the safety literature and successfully practiced by safety professionals for decades.

Administrative Safety Rules Disciplinary Policy - Accountability
Preventative Maintenance Training Proficiency/Knowledge Demonstrations

National Fire Protection Association Hazard Classification
Flamability 2 4 Health W Reactivity (Stability) Examples Water

Labels must be in English
Secondary containers must have name and target organs on the label

Labels – NFPA Diamond RED - Flammability BLUE - Health
YELLOW - Reactivity WHITE - Special {NFPA – National Fire Protection Association}

Labels - Health Hazard What the numbers show 0 = No hazard
1 = Slight hazard 2 = Dangerous 3 = Extreme danger 4 = Deadly · What do the numbers of the hazard show ? 0 = Minimal hazard 1 = Slight hazard 2 = Moderate hazard 3 = Serious hazard 4 = Severe hazard

Labels – Flammability 0 = Will not burn
What the numbers show 0 = Will not burn 1 = Ignites above 200 degrees F 2 = Ignites below 200 degrees F 3 = Ignites below 100 degrees F 4 = Ignites below 73 degrees F · What do the numbers of the hazard show ? 0 = Minimal hazard 1 = Slight hazard 2 = Moderate hazard 3 = Serious hazard 4 = Severe hazard Based on Flash Point {the temperature at which a material gives off enough vapors to sustain ignition}

Labels - Reactivity What the numbers show 0 = Stable
1 = Normally Stable 2 = Unstable 3 = Explosive 4 = May detonate · What do the numbers of the hazard show ? 0 = Minimal hazard 1 = Slight hazard 2 = Moderate hazard 3 = Serious hazard 4 = Severe hazard

Labels - Special Hazard
What the letters show OX = Oxidizer ACID = Acid ALK = Alkali COR = Corrosive W = Use No Water = Radioactive What the letters show OX = Releases oxygen and will support combustion ACID = Acid material ALK = Alkaline material COR = Corrosive material W = Do not add or use water - will react violently

Labels - HMIS Protective Equipment A = safety glasses
B = safety glasses + gloves C = safety glasses + gloves + synthetic apron D-Z = etc Blue Red Yellow White {HMIS – Hazard Material Information System}

First Aid Awareness This month’s safety meeting topic is first aid awareness. University of California Office of the President UCOP April 2008 Safety Meeting First Aid Awareness

First Aid All laboratory workers should undergo simple first aid training For ALL chemical splashes, wash with plenty of water for 10 minutes Control bleeding with direct pressure, avoiding any foreign bodies such as glass Report all accidents to your supervisor or departmental safety officer

First Aid Safety Meeting Topic
Use of first aid kits General awareness on what to do if: You have minor injuries; Co-workers or family members are injured Safety Meeting – Not intended to provide formal certified first aid training This safety meeting is intended to provide each attendee with general awareness on: -The use of the UCOP first aid kits; and -What to do if you have minor injuries, or if a co-worker or family member may be injured. This safety meeting is not intended to provide formal certified first aid training. Awareness Training University of California Office of the President UCOP April 2008 Safety Meeting First Aid Awareness

First Aid Kits first aid kits Size of the first aid kits:
Installed in common areas Size of the first aid kits: Large (Areas up to 75 persons) Medium (Areas up to 50 persons) Periodically replenished by vendor Self-administering UCOP First Aid Kits: First aid kits have been installed in the majority of the UCOP locations. The first aid kits are typically located in common areas, such as kitchen or storage areas. Size of the First Aid Kits: The majority of the first aid kits are the large sized kits, which are designed for work areas with a population up to 75 people in the immediate area. Some work areas have a medium sized first aid kit which are for designed for work areas with a population up to 50 people. Restocking the First Aid Kits: A vendor has been contacted to periodically restock the first aid kits once each quarter. If the first aid kit in your work area is out of items, contact your Department Safety Officer and he/or she will contact the UCOP Safety Manager to arrange to have the first aid kit restocked. Use of the First Aid Kit: The intent of the UCOP first aid kits is for use in self-administering type of injuries, such as cuts, burns, splinters, etc. Persons who administer first aid treatment to other persons should receive certified first aid training. As part of the UCOP Automated External Defibrillator (AED) program, several UCOP employees have been trained in CPR and use of the AED Unit. University of California Office of the President UCOP April 2008 Safety Meeting First Aid Awareness

First Aid Kit Contents Bandages (Various Sizes)
Roller Gauze & Gauze Pads Sterile Dressings & Tape Antiseptic Swabs, Spray, & Towelettes Finger Splint, Tweezers, & Scissors Burn Gel & Spray Antibiotic Ointment Eye/Skin Buffer/Flushing Solution Ice Pack Nitrile Gloves CPR Mask First Aid Kit Contents: The contents of the first aid kits are listed on this slide. The supplies are for simple office-type injuries - Cuts, scraps, burns, foreign objects in the eyes etc. University of California Office of the President UCOP April 2008 Safety Meeting First Aid Awareness

General Guidance for Injuries
Remain calm Take time to assess the situation and hazards (Avoid tunnel vision) Call ASAP if serious – Using a Cell Phone call the ‘9-1-1 Equivalent’ local phone number After calling contact Building Security to initiate internal response General Guideline If an Injury Occurs: Remain calm: Take the time to assess the situation/hazards. Look at the big picture and try to avoid the “tunnel vision” perspective. Call 9-1-1: If you determine it is a serious situation, call ASAP on a landline phone. If you are using a cell phone, call the ‘911 Equivalent’ local phone number. Contact Building Security: After calling 911, contact Building Security to initiate an internal building response for the situation. University of California Office of the President UCOP April 2008 Safety Meeting First Aid Awareness

Bleeding Direct Pressure Maintain Pressure on Wound
Steady firm pressure Clean cloth or bandage – Avoid contact Maintain Pressure on Wound 15 Minutes Apply more layers if needed Elevate extremity if no fractures (Lie down) Bleeding: Direct Pressure: If you are cut and bleeding, apply steady firm direct pressure to the wound using a clean cloth or bandage. Avoid direct contact with the wound. Maintain Pressure: Maintain direct pressure on the wound for 15 minutes. If needed, add more layers of clean cloth or bandages. Elevate Extremities: If it is a bleeding extremity and there are no fractures, lie down and raise the extremity. University of California Office of the President UCOP April 2008 Safety Meeting First Aid Awareness

Burns First Degree Burn – Minor redness
Run cold water over burn for >5 minutes (No ice or ointments!) Second Degree Burn – Blistered skin Do Not Break the Blisters If the Blisters Break: Clean & apply antibiotic ointment Cover with sterile dressing Change dressing every day Third Degree Burn – Charred skin Call immediately Burns: First Degree Burn: A first degree burn results in minor redness of the skin. Treatment for a first degree burn is to run cold water over the burn for at least 5 minutes. Never put ice on the burn. This can result in frostbite which can further damage the skin. Do not apply butter or ointments to the burn. This could prevent proper healing. Place a sterile gauze bandage over the burn and allow it to heal. Second Degree Burn: A second degree burn is a burn into the second layer of the skin and will eventually blister. Do not break the blisters! Broken blisters are vulnerable to infection. If the blister should break, clean the burn and apply an antibiotic ointment. Cover the burn with a sterile gauze bandage. Do not use fluffy cotton, which may irritate the skin. Wrap the gauze loosely to avoid putting pressure on burned skin. Bandaging keeps air off the burned skin, reduces pain, and protects the blistered skin. Third Degree Burn – A third degree burn is the most serious type of burn which results in charred skin. Immediately call 911 if a person has a third degree burn. University of California Office of the President UCOP April 2008 Safety Meeting First Aid Awareness

Poisoning Identify the ingested substance
Container or Clues: Stains, Odors, etc. Contact Poison Control Center for Advice or 911 Induce Vomiting? Do NOT induce if unconscious or the person ingested corrosives or caustics If Vomiting - Roll onto their side for drainage (Recovery period) Poisoning: Identify the Substance: For poisonings, you should try to identify the substance which was ingested. Identification can be done by looking for the container or other clues such as stains, odors, or residues. Contact the Poison Control Center: Immediately contact the poison control center for advise or call 911. Induce Vomiting: If directed by the poison control center, induce vomiting. You should never induce vomiting if the victim is unconscious or if the victim has ingested corrosives or caustics. If Vomiting – Roll to the Side: If the victim is vomiting, they should be rolled onto their side to allow for drainage. University of California Office of the President UCOP April 2008 Safety Meeting First Aid Awareness

Review 1. Give the names of the two chemical hazards.
2. What name is given to a chemical which will burst into flame when contacted by air? 3. What term is given to chemicals which can cause and /or support fire in other materials? 4. What is a health hazard? 5. Which kind of health hazard destroys skin on contact? 6. Chemicals that cause sterility, fetal death, and birth defects are called ____________. 7. What is a carcinogen? 8. Give the three states in which a chemical can exist. 9. Give the three ways employees can be exposed to health hazards. 10.What are the most common skin contact hazards? 11.What is an MSDS? 12.What kind of information is found on the MSDS? Industrial Safety Lecture Three 6/3/2019

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